TY - JOUR
T1 - Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials
AU - Foster, E. Johan
AU - Moon, Robert J.
AU - Agarwal, Umesh P.
AU - Bortner, Michael J.
AU - Bras, Julien
AU - Camarero-Espinosa, Sandra
AU - Chan, Kathleen J.
AU - Clift, Martin J. D.
AU - Cranston, Emily D.
AU - Eichhorn, Stephen J.
AU - Fox, Douglas M.
AU - Hamad, Wadood Y.
AU - Heux, Laurent
AU - Jean, Bruno
AU - Korey, Matthew
AU - Nieh, World
AU - Ong, Kimberly J.
AU - Reid, Michael S.
AU - Renneckar, Scott
AU - Roberts, Rose
AU - Shatkin, Jo Anne
AU - Simonsen, John
AU - Stinson-Bagby, Kelly
AU - Wanasekara, Nandula
AU - Youngblood, Jeff
PY - 2018/4/21
Y1 - 2018/4/21
N2 - A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of highperformance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/ activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.
AB - A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of highperformance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/ activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.
KW - SULFURIC-ACID HYDROLYSIS
KW - TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION
KW - TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY
KW - FT-RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY
KW - BIOMIMETIC MINERALIZATION SYNTHESIS
KW - CURRENT INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH
KW - QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE
KW - RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER
KW - ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY
KW - WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS
U2 - 10.1039/c6cs00895j
DO - 10.1039/c6cs00895j
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
SN - 0306-0012
VL - 47
SP - 2609
EP - 2679
JO - Chemical Society Reviews
JF - Chemical Society Reviews
IS - 8
ER -