TY - JOUR
T1 - Complement Factor 3 Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Over a 7-Year Follow-up Period: The CODAM Study
AU - Wlazlo, N.
AU - van Greevenbroek, M.M.J.
AU - Ferreira, I.
AU - Feskens, E.J.M.
AU - van der Kallen, C.J.H.
AU - Schalkwijk, C.G.
AU - Bravenboer, B.
AU - Stehouwer, C.D.A.
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - OBJECTIVE Immune dysregulation can affect insulin resistance (IR) and beta-cell function and hence contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The complement system, as a regulator of immune and inflammatory homeostasis, may be a relevant contributor therein. However, longitudinal studies focusing on complement as a determinant of T2DMand IR are scarce. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the association of plasma complement factor 3 (C3) with (estimates of) IR in muscle, liver, and adipocytes, as well as with glucose tolerance, including incident T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting C3, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin (the latter two during oral glucose tolerance tests) weremeasured at baseline (n = 545) and after 7 years of follow-up (n = 394) in a prospective cohort study. RESULTS Over the 7-year period, C3 levels (per 0.1 g/L) were longitudinally associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA2-IR; beta = 15.2% [95% CI 12.9-17.6]), hepatic IR (beta = 6.1%[95% CI 4.7-7.4]), adipocyte IR (beta = 16.0% [95% CI 13.0-19.1]), fasting glucose (beta = 1.8% [95% CI 1.2-2.4]), 2-h glucose (beta = 5.2% [95% CI 3.7-6.7]), and area under the curve for glucose (beta = 3.6% [95% CI 2.7-4.6]). In addition, greater changes in C3 (per 0.1 g/L) were associated with greater changes in HOMA2-IR (beta = 0.08 [95% CI 0.02-0.15]) and greater changes in hepatic IR (beta = 0.87 [95% CI 0.12-1.61]) over 7 years, but not glucose tolerance. Moreover, baseline C3 was associated with the 7-year incidence of T2DM (odds ratio 1.5 [95% CI 1.1-2.0]). CONCLUSIONS Changes in C3 were associated with changes in several measures of IR and may reflect progression of metabolic dysregulation, which eventually leads to abnormalities in glucose tolerance and T2DM.
AB - OBJECTIVE Immune dysregulation can affect insulin resistance (IR) and beta-cell function and hence contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The complement system, as a regulator of immune and inflammatory homeostasis, may be a relevant contributor therein. However, longitudinal studies focusing on complement as a determinant of T2DMand IR are scarce. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the association of plasma complement factor 3 (C3) with (estimates of) IR in muscle, liver, and adipocytes, as well as with glucose tolerance, including incident T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting C3, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin (the latter two during oral glucose tolerance tests) weremeasured at baseline (n = 545) and after 7 years of follow-up (n = 394) in a prospective cohort study. RESULTS Over the 7-year period, C3 levels (per 0.1 g/L) were longitudinally associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA2-IR; beta = 15.2% [95% CI 12.9-17.6]), hepatic IR (beta = 6.1%[95% CI 4.7-7.4]), adipocyte IR (beta = 16.0% [95% CI 13.0-19.1]), fasting glucose (beta = 1.8% [95% CI 1.2-2.4]), 2-h glucose (beta = 5.2% [95% CI 3.7-6.7]), and area under the curve for glucose (beta = 3.6% [95% CI 2.7-4.6]). In addition, greater changes in C3 (per 0.1 g/L) were associated with greater changes in HOMA2-IR (beta = 0.08 [95% CI 0.02-0.15]) and greater changes in hepatic IR (beta = 0.87 [95% CI 0.12-1.61]) over 7 years, but not glucose tolerance. Moreover, baseline C3 was associated with the 7-year incidence of T2DM (odds ratio 1.5 [95% CI 1.1-2.0]). CONCLUSIONS Changes in C3 were associated with changes in several measures of IR and may reflect progression of metabolic dysregulation, which eventually leads to abnormalities in glucose tolerance and T2DM.
KW - LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION
KW - C-REACTIVE PROTEIN
KW - TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION
KW - 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES
KW - GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE
KW - C5A RECEPTOR
KW - TNF-ALPHA
KW - SERUM C3
KW - OBESITY
KW - LIVER
U2 - 10.2337/dc13-2804
DO - 10.2337/dc13-2804
M3 - Article
SN - 0149-5992
VL - 37
SP - 1900
EP - 1909
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
IS - 7
ER -