Augmenting muscle diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol content by blocking fatty acid oxidation does not impede insulin sensitivity

S. Timmers, M. Nabben, M. Bosma, B. van Bree, E. Lenaers, D. Van Beurden, G. Schaart, M.S. Westerterp-Plantenga, W. Langhans, M.K.C. Hesselink, V.B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, P. Schrauwen*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

A low fat oxidative capacity has been linked to muscle diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation and insulin resistance. Alternatively, a low fat oxidation rate may stimulate glucose oxidation, thereby enhancing glucose disposal. Here, we investigated whether an ethyl-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (etomoxir)-induced inhibition of fat oxidation leads to muscle fat storage and insulin resistance. An intervention in healthy male subjects was combined with studies in human primary myotubes. Furthermore, muscle DAG and triacylglycerol (TAG), mitochondrial function, and insulin signaling were examined in etomoxir-treated C57bl6 mice. In humans, etomoxir administration increased glucose oxidation at the expense of fat oxidation. This effect was accompanied by an increased abundance of GLUT4 at the sarcolemma and a lowering of plasma glucose levels, indicative of improved glucose homeostasis. In mice, etomoxir injections resulted in accumulation of muscle TAG and DAG, yet improved insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Also in human myotubes, insulin signaling was improved by etomoxir, in the presence of increased intramyocellular lipid accumulation. These insulin-sensitizing effects in mice and human myotubes were accompanied by increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results show that a reduction in fat oxidation leading to accumulation of muscle DAG does not necessarily lead to insulin resistance, as the reduction in fat oxidation may activate AMPK.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)11711-11716
Number of pages6
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume109
Issue number29
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17 Jul 2012

Keywords

  • ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE
  • TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS
  • HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE
  • SUBSTRATE OXIDATION
  • GLUCOSE-METABOLISM
  • RESISTANCE
  • ETOMOXIR
  • MELLITUS
  • HUMANS
  • RAT

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