Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites

T. Hamers; E.J.J. Kalis; J.H.J. van den Berg; L.M. Maas; F.J. van Schooten; A.J. Murk

doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024

Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites

T. Hamers^*, E.J.J. Kalis, J.H.J. van den Berg, L.M. Maas, F.J. van Schooten, A.J. Murk

^*Corresponding author for this work

NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites.

Hamers T, Kalis EJ, van den Berg JH, Maas LM, van Schooten FJ, Murk AJ.

Toxicology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000; 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands. timo.hamers@ivm.falw.vu.nl

The applicability of terrestrial black slugs Arion ater (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was studied for biomonitoring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In laboratory experiments, slugs were orally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for a short term (3 days) or a long term (119 days) period. Test animals were collected in the field, or were reared under laboratory conditions to ensure that they had no history of PAH-exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activity was measured in the digestive gland as a biomarker for BaP exposure. Bulky DNA adduct formation in kidney was measured as an effect biomarker for BaP bioactivation into DNA-binding metabolites. Although success of clutching was relatively low (5 out of 18 slugs produced egg packages), sufficient number of slugs were obtained to perform exposure experiments due to high hatching (89%) and survival rates (79%). After a short exposure to a relatively high BaP doses of 20 and 200 microg/g fresh feed, a dose-dependent and significant increase of BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels could be demonstrated in A. ater. Induction factors were low (two times control level), but optimization of the test conditions yielded a higher BPH induction factor of 4.8 times control level. BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels, however, did not increase after a long-term exposure to environmentally relevant BaP doses (upto 0.25 microg/g fresh feed). Based on this lack of response after realistic exposure it is concluded that A. ater is not sensitive to BaP exposure and, therefore, not suitable for monitoring environmental exposure to PAHs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	219-233
Number of pages	14
Journal	Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
Volume	552
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2004

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10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024

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Hamers, T., Kalis, E. J. J., van den Berg, J. H. J., Maas, L. M., van Schooten, F. J., & Murk, A. J. (2004). Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites. Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 552(1-2), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024

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title = "Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites",

abstract = "Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites.Hamers T, Kalis EJ, van den Berg JH, Maas LM, van Schooten FJ, Murk AJ.Toxicology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000; 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands. timo.hamers@ivm.falw.vu.nlThe applicability of terrestrial black slugs Arion ater (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was studied for biomonitoring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In laboratory experiments, slugs were orally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for a short term (3 days) or a long term (119 days) period. Test animals were collected in the field, or were reared under laboratory conditions to ensure that they had no history of PAH-exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activity was measured in the digestive gland as a biomarker for BaP exposure. Bulky DNA adduct formation in kidney was measured as an effect biomarker for BaP bioactivation into DNA-binding metabolites. Although success of clutching was relatively low (5 out of 18 slugs produced egg packages), sufficient number of slugs were obtained to perform exposure experiments due to high hatching (89%) and survival rates (79%). After a short exposure to a relatively high BaP doses of 20 and 200 microg/g fresh feed, a dose-dependent and significant increase of BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels could be demonstrated in A. ater. Induction factors were low (two times control level), but optimization of the test conditions yielded a higher BPH induction factor of 4.8 times control level. BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels, however, did not increase after a long-term exposure to environmentally relevant BaP doses (upto 0.25 microg/g fresh feed). Based on this lack of response after realistic exposure it is concluded that A. ater is not sensitive to BaP exposure and, therefore, not suitable for monitoring environmental exposure to PAHs.",

author = "T. Hamers and E.J.J. Kalis and {van den Berg}, J.H.J. and L.M. Maas and {van Schooten}, F.J. and A.J. Murk",

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Hamers, T, Kalis, EJJ, van den Berg, JHJ, Maas, LM , van Schooten, FJ & Murk, AJ 2004, 'Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites', Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol. 552, no. 1-2, pp. 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024

Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites. / Hamers, T.; Kalis, E.J.J.; van den Berg, J.H.J. et al.
In: Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Vol. 552, No. 1-2, 01.01.2004, p. 219-233.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites

AU - Hamers, T.

AU - Kalis, E.J.J.

AU - van den Berg, J.H.J.

AU - Maas, L.M.

AU - van Schooten, F.J.

AU - Murk, A.J.

PY - 2004/1/1

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N2 - Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites.Hamers T, Kalis EJ, van den Berg JH, Maas LM, van Schooten FJ, Murk AJ.Toxicology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000; 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands. timo.hamers@ivm.falw.vu.nlThe applicability of terrestrial black slugs Arion ater (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was studied for biomonitoring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In laboratory experiments, slugs were orally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for a short term (3 days) or a long term (119 days) period. Test animals were collected in the field, or were reared under laboratory conditions to ensure that they had no history of PAH-exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activity was measured in the digestive gland as a biomarker for BaP exposure. Bulky DNA adduct formation in kidney was measured as an effect biomarker for BaP bioactivation into DNA-binding metabolites. Although success of clutching was relatively low (5 out of 18 slugs produced egg packages), sufficient number of slugs were obtained to perform exposure experiments due to high hatching (89%) and survival rates (79%). After a short exposure to a relatively high BaP doses of 20 and 200 microg/g fresh feed, a dose-dependent and significant increase of BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels could be demonstrated in A. ater. Induction factors were low (two times control level), but optimization of the test conditions yielded a higher BPH induction factor of 4.8 times control level. BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels, however, did not increase after a long-term exposure to environmentally relevant BaP doses (upto 0.25 microg/g fresh feed). Based on this lack of response after realistic exposure it is concluded that A. ater is not sensitive to BaP exposure and, therefore, not suitable for monitoring environmental exposure to PAHs.

AB - Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites.Hamers T, Kalis EJ, van den Berg JH, Maas LM, van Schooten FJ, Murk AJ.Toxicology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000; 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands. timo.hamers@ivm.falw.vu.nlThe applicability of terrestrial black slugs Arion ater (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was studied for biomonitoring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In laboratory experiments, slugs were orally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for a short term (3 days) or a long term (119 days) period. Test animals were collected in the field, or were reared under laboratory conditions to ensure that they had no history of PAH-exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activity was measured in the digestive gland as a biomarker for BaP exposure. Bulky DNA adduct formation in kidney was measured as an effect biomarker for BaP bioactivation into DNA-binding metabolites. Although success of clutching was relatively low (5 out of 18 slugs produced egg packages), sufficient number of slugs were obtained to perform exposure experiments due to high hatching (89%) and survival rates (79%). After a short exposure to a relatively high BaP doses of 20 and 200 microg/g fresh feed, a dose-dependent and significant increase of BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels could be demonstrated in A. ater. Induction factors were low (two times control level), but optimization of the test conditions yielded a higher BPH induction factor of 4.8 times control level. BPH activity and bulky DNA adduct levels, however, did not increase after a long-term exposure to environmentally relevant BaP doses (upto 0.25 microg/g fresh feed). Based on this lack of response after realistic exposure it is concluded that A. ater is not sensitive to BaP exposure and, therefore, not suitable for monitoring environmental exposure to PAHs.

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DO - 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024

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Hamers T, Kalis EJJ, van den Berg JHJ, Maas LM , van Schooten FJ, Murk AJ. Applicability of the black slug Arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into DNA binding metabolites. Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 2004 Jan 1;552(1-2):219-233. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.024