Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results

L.A. Brinton; M.B. Cook; V. McCormack; K.C. Johnson; H. Olsson; J.T. Casagrande; R. Cooke; R.T. Falk; S.M. Gapstur; M.M. Gaudet; J.M. Gaziano; G. Gkiokas; P. Guénel; B.E. Henderson; A. Hollenbeck; A.W. Hsing; L.N. Kolonel; C. Isaacs; J.H. Lubin; K.B. Michels; E. Negri; D. Parisi; E.T. Petridou; M.C. Pike; E. Riboli; H.D. Sesso; K. Snyder; A.J. Swerdlow; the European Rare Cancer Study Group; D. Trichopoulos; G. Ursin; P.A. van den Brandt; S.K. van den Eeden; E. Weiderpass; W.C. Willett; M. Ewertz; D.B. Thomas

doi:10.1093/jnci/djt465

Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results

L.A. Brinton^*, M.B. Cook, V. McCormack, K.C. Johnson, H. Olsson, J.T. Casagrande, R. Cooke, R.T. Falk, S.M. Gapstur, M.M. Gaudet, J.M. Gaziano, G. Gkiokas, P. Guénel, B.E. Henderson, A. Hollenbeck, A.W. Hsing, L.N. Kolonel, C. Isaacs, J.H. Lubin, K.B. MichelsE. Negri, D. Parisi, E.T. Petridou, M.C. Pike, E. Riboli, H.D. Sesso, K. Snyder, A.J. Swerdlow, the European Rare Cancer Study Group, D. Trichopoulos, G. Ursin, P.A. van den Brandt, S.K. van den Eeden, E. Weiderpass, W.C. Willett, M. Ewertz, D.B. Thomas

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly because of its relative rarity. Although genetic factors are involved, less is known regarding the role of anthropometric and hormonally related risk factors. In the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of 11 casecontrol and 10 cohort investigations involving 2405 case patients (n 1190 from casecontrol and n 1215 from cohort studies) and 52013 control subjects, individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression generated study designspecific (casecontrol/cohort) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with exposure estimates combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Risk was statistically significantly associated with weight (highest/lowest tertile: OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.57), height (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), and body mass index (BMI; OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.51), with evidence that recent rather than distant BMI was the strongest predictor. Klinefelter syndrome (OR 24.7; 95% CI 8.94 to 68.4) and gynecomastia (OR 9.78; 95% CI 7.52 to 12.7) were also statistically significantly associated with risk, relations that were independent of BMI. Diabetes also emerged as an independent risk factor (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37). There were also suggestive relations with cryptorchidism (OR 2.18; 95% CI 0.96 to 4.94) and orchitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99). Although age at onset of puberty and histories of infertility were unrelated to risk, never having had children was statistically significantly related (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66). Among individuals diagnosed at older ages, a history of fractures was statistically significantly related (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86). Consistent findings across casecontrol and cohort investigations, complemented by pooled analyses, indicated important roles for anthropometric and hormonal risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancer. Further investigation should focus on potential roles of endogenous hormones.

Original language	English
Article number	djt465
Journal	Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Volume	106
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt465
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2014

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10.1093/jnci/djt465

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Brinton, L. A., Cook, M. B., McCormack, V., Johnson, K. C., Olsson, H., Casagrande, J. T., Cooke, R., Falk, R. T., Gapstur, S. M., Gaudet, M. M., Gaziano, J. M., Gkiokas, G., Guénel, P., Henderson, B. E., Hollenbeck, A., Hsing, A. W., Kolonel, L. N., Isaacs, C., Lubin, J. H., ... Thomas, D. B. (2014). Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 106(3), Article djt465. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt465

@article{906f499aa8854dd29bc39259d7e38377,

title = "Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results",

abstract = "The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly because of its relative rarity. Although genetic factors are involved, less is known regarding the role of anthropometric and hormonally related risk factors. In the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of 11 casecontrol and 10 cohort investigations involving 2405 case patients (n 1190 from casecontrol and n 1215 from cohort studies) and 52013 control subjects, individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression generated study designspecific (casecontrol/cohort) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with exposure estimates combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Risk was statistically significantly associated with weight (highest/lowest tertile: OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.57), height (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), and body mass index (BMI; OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.51), with evidence that recent rather than distant BMI was the strongest predictor. Klinefelter syndrome (OR 24.7; 95% CI 8.94 to 68.4) and gynecomastia (OR 9.78; 95% CI 7.52 to 12.7) were also statistically significantly associated with risk, relations that were independent of BMI. Diabetes also emerged as an independent risk factor (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37). There were also suggestive relations with cryptorchidism (OR 2.18; 95% CI 0.96 to 4.94) and orchitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99). Although age at onset of puberty and histories of infertility were unrelated to risk, never having had children was statistically significantly related (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66). Among individuals diagnosed at older ages, a history of fractures was statistically significantly related (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86). Consistent findings across casecontrol and cohort investigations, complemented by pooled analyses, indicated important roles for anthropometric and hormonal risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancer. Further investigation should focus on potential roles of endogenous hormones.",

author = "L.A. Brinton and M.B. Cook and V. McCormack and K.C. Johnson and H. Olsson and J.T. Casagrande and R. Cooke and R.T. Falk and S.M. Gapstur and M.M. Gaudet and J.M. Gaziano and G. Gkiokas and P. Gu{\'e}nel and B.E. Henderson and A. Hollenbeck and A.W. Hsing and L.N. Kolonel and C. Isaacs and J.H. Lubin and K.B. Michels and E. Negri and D. Parisi and E.T. Petridou and M.C. Pike and E. Riboli and H.D. Sesso and K. Snyder and A.J. Swerdlow and {European Rare Cancer Study Group}, the and D. Trichopoulos and G. Ursin and {van den Brandt}, P.A. and {van den Eeden}, S.K. and E. Weiderpass and W.C. Willett and M. Ewertz and D.B. Thomas",

year = "2014",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/jnci/djt465",

language = "English",

volume = "106",

journal = "Journal of the National Cancer Institute",

issn = "0027-8874",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "3",

}

Brinton, LA, Cook, MB, McCormack, V, Johnson, KC, Olsson, H, Casagrande, JT, Cooke, R, Falk, RT, Gapstur, SM, Gaudet, MM, Gaziano, JM, Gkiokas, G, Guénel, P, Henderson, BE, Hollenbeck, A, Hsing, AW, Kolonel, LN, Isaacs, C, Lubin, JH, Michels, KB, Negri, E, Parisi, D, Petridou, ET, Pike, MC, Riboli, E, Sesso, HD, Snyder, K, Swerdlow, AJ, European Rare Cancer Study Group, T, Trichopoulos, D, Ursin, G, van den Brandt, PA, van den Eeden, SK, Weiderpass, E, Willett, WC, Ewertz, M & Thomas, DB 2014, 'Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results', Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 106, no. 3, djt465. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt465

TY - JOUR

T1 - Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results

AU - Brinton, L.A.

AU - Cook, M.B.

AU - McCormack, V.

AU - Johnson, K.C.

AU - Olsson, H.

AU - Casagrande, J.T.

AU - Cooke, R.

AU - Falk, R.T.

AU - Gapstur, S.M.

AU - Gaudet, M.M.

AU - Gaziano, J.M.

AU - Gkiokas, G.

AU - Guénel, P.

AU - Henderson, B.E.

AU - Hollenbeck, A.

AU - Hsing, A.W.

AU - Kolonel, L.N.

AU - Isaacs, C.

AU - Lubin, J.H.

AU - Michels, K.B.

AU - Negri, E.

AU - Parisi, D.

AU - Petridou, E.T.

AU - Pike, M.C.

AU - Riboli, E.

AU - Sesso, H.D.

AU - Snyder, K.

AU - Swerdlow, A.J.

AU - European Rare Cancer Study Group, the

AU - Trichopoulos, D.

AU - Ursin, G.

AU - van den Brandt, P.A.

AU - van den Eeden, S.K.

AU - Weiderpass, E.

AU - Willett, W.C.

AU - Ewertz, M.

AU - Thomas, D.B.

PY - 2014/1/1

Y1 - 2014/1/1

N2 - The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly because of its relative rarity. Although genetic factors are involved, less is known regarding the role of anthropometric and hormonally related risk factors. In the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of 11 casecontrol and 10 cohort investigations involving 2405 case patients (n 1190 from casecontrol and n 1215 from cohort studies) and 52013 control subjects, individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression generated study designspecific (casecontrol/cohort) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with exposure estimates combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Risk was statistically significantly associated with weight (highest/lowest tertile: OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.57), height (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), and body mass index (BMI; OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.51), with evidence that recent rather than distant BMI was the strongest predictor. Klinefelter syndrome (OR 24.7; 95% CI 8.94 to 68.4) and gynecomastia (OR 9.78; 95% CI 7.52 to 12.7) were also statistically significantly associated with risk, relations that were independent of BMI. Diabetes also emerged as an independent risk factor (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37). There were also suggestive relations with cryptorchidism (OR 2.18; 95% CI 0.96 to 4.94) and orchitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99). Although age at onset of puberty and histories of infertility were unrelated to risk, never having had children was statistically significantly related (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66). Among individuals diagnosed at older ages, a history of fractures was statistically significantly related (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86). Consistent findings across casecontrol and cohort investigations, complemented by pooled analyses, indicated important roles for anthropometric and hormonal risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancer. Further investigation should focus on potential roles of endogenous hormones.

AB - The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly because of its relative rarity. Although genetic factors are involved, less is known regarding the role of anthropometric and hormonally related risk factors. In the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of 11 casecontrol and 10 cohort investigations involving 2405 case patients (n 1190 from casecontrol and n 1215 from cohort studies) and 52013 control subjects, individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression generated study designspecific (casecontrol/cohort) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with exposure estimates combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Risk was statistically significantly associated with weight (highest/lowest tertile: OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.57), height (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), and body mass index (BMI; OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.51), with evidence that recent rather than distant BMI was the strongest predictor. Klinefelter syndrome (OR 24.7; 95% CI 8.94 to 68.4) and gynecomastia (OR 9.78; 95% CI 7.52 to 12.7) were also statistically significantly associated with risk, relations that were independent of BMI. Diabetes also emerged as an independent risk factor (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37). There were also suggestive relations with cryptorchidism (OR 2.18; 95% CI 0.96 to 4.94) and orchitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99). Although age at onset of puberty and histories of infertility were unrelated to risk, never having had children was statistically significantly related (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66). Among individuals diagnosed at older ages, a history of fractures was statistically significantly related (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86). Consistent findings across casecontrol and cohort investigations, complemented by pooled analyses, indicated important roles for anthropometric and hormonal risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancer. Further investigation should focus on potential roles of endogenous hormones.

U2 - 10.1093/jnci/djt465

DO - 10.1093/jnci/djt465

M3 - Article

SN - 0027-8874

VL - 106

JO - Journal of the National Cancer Institute

JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute

IS - 3

M1 - djt465

ER -