TY - JOUR
T1 - Allergens of permanent hair dyes induces epidermal damage, skin barrier loss and IL-1 alpha increase in epidermal in vitro model
AU - Zanoni, Thalita Boldrin
AU - Pedrosa, Tatiana Nascimento
AU - Catarino, Carolina Motter
AU - Spiekstra, Sander W.
AU - de Oliveira, Danielle Palma
AU - Den Hartog, Gertjan
AU - Bast, Aalt
AU - Hagemann, Geja
AU - Gibbs, Susan
AU - de Moraes Barros, Silvia Berlanga
AU - Maria-Engler, Silvya Stuchi
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Allergic and irritant skin reactions caused by topical exposure to permanent hair dyes are a common problem. For regulatory and ethnical purposes, it is required to perform chemical safety assessment following the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal testing (312s). Permanent hair dyes are formed by a mixture of ingredients that vary from low to extreme skin sensitizing potency and that inter-react to form unknown by-products. Because of the complex reaction, this cytotoxic mechanism has not yet been elucidated and is the subject of this study. Here, we topically exposed p-phenylenediamine (PPD), Resorcinol (RES), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) alone or as a mixture to RhE and evaluated parameters related to skin irritation such as epidermal' viability, keratinocytes damage, barrier loss and IL-1 alpha. Our data indicates that ingredients tested alone did not lead to an increase of cytotoxic parameters related to skin irritation. However, when the mixture of PPD/H2O2/RES and PPD/H2O2 was applied to the RhE, some of the parameters such as morphological changes including the presence of apoptotic cells, barrier loss and increased IL-1 alpha release were observed. The results indicate that the mixture of ingredients used in permanent hair dyes have an irritant effect in RhE while the ingredients alone not.
AB - Allergic and irritant skin reactions caused by topical exposure to permanent hair dyes are a common problem. For regulatory and ethnical purposes, it is required to perform chemical safety assessment following the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal testing (312s). Permanent hair dyes are formed by a mixture of ingredients that vary from low to extreme skin sensitizing potency and that inter-react to form unknown by-products. Because of the complex reaction, this cytotoxic mechanism has not yet been elucidated and is the subject of this study. Here, we topically exposed p-phenylenediamine (PPD), Resorcinol (RES), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) alone or as a mixture to RhE and evaluated parameters related to skin irritation such as epidermal' viability, keratinocytes damage, barrier loss and IL-1 alpha. Our data indicates that ingredients tested alone did not lead to an increase of cytotoxic parameters related to skin irritation. However, when the mixture of PPD/H2O2/RES and PPD/H2O2 was applied to the RhE, some of the parameters such as morphological changes including the presence of apoptotic cells, barrier loss and increased IL-1 alpha release were observed. The results indicate that the mixture of ingredients used in permanent hair dyes have an irritant effect in RhE while the ingredients alone not.
KW - Permanent hair dyes toxicity
KW - p-phenylenediamine
KW - Skin
KW - Allergy
KW - Irritation
KW - Epidermal equivalents
KW - OXIDATIVE STRESS
KW - P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
KW - ATOPIC-DERMATITIS
KW - REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
KW - SENSITIZER POTENCY
KW - CELL-ACTIVATION
KW - DISRUPTION
KW - IRRITATION
KW - EXPRESSION
KW - FILAGGRIN
U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.033
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 29273420
SN - 0278-6915
VL - 112
SP - 265
EP - 272
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
ER -