TY - JOUR
T1 - A Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement in Combination With Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Function and Increases N-3 Index in Healthy Older Men
T2 - A Randomized Controlled Trial
AU - Bell, Kirsten E.
AU - Fang, Hanna
AU - Snijders, Tim
AU - Allison, David J.
AU - Zulyniak, Michael A.
AU - Chabowski, Adrian
AU - Parise, Gianni
AU - Phillips, Stuart M.
AU - Heisz, Jennifer J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by funding from the Labarge Optimal Aging Initiative from McMaster University (to GP) and a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) grant (MOP-123296) to SP. KB was supported by a CIHR Canada Graduate Scholarship (CGS-D). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 Bell, Fang, Snijders, Allison, Zulyniak, Chabowski, Parise, Phillips and Heisz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
PY - 2019/5/9
Y1 - 2019/5/9
N2 - We aimed to evaluate the effect of multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation, with and without exercise training, on cognitive function in healthy older men. Forty-nine sedentary men [age: 73 +/- 6 years (mean +/- SD); body mass index: 28.5 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2)] were randomized to consume a supplement (SUPP n = 25; 1500 mg n = 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 30 g whey protein, 2.5 g creatine, 500 IU vitamin D, and 400 mg calcium) or control beverage (CON n = 24; 22 g maltodextrin) twice daily for 20 weeks consisting of Phase 1: SUPP/CON followed by Phase 2: 12-week resistance exercise training plus high-intensity interval training, while continuing to consume the study beverages (SUPP/CON + EX). At baseline, 6 weeks, and 19 weeks we assessed cognitive function [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)], memory [word recall during the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)], executive functions (working memory inhibition control), and nutrient bioavailability. We did not observe changes to any aspect of cognitive function after Phase 1; however, significant improvements in the following cognitive function outcomes were detected following Phase 2: MOCA scores increased (6 weeks: 23.5 +/- 3.3 vs. 19 weeks: 24.4 +/- 2.5, p = 0.013); number of words recalled during the RAVLT increased (6 weeks: 6.6 +/- 3.6 vs. 19 weeks: 7.6 +/- 3.8, p = 0.047); and reaction time improved (6 weeks: 567 +/- 49 ms vs. 19 weeks: 551 +/- 51 ms, p = 0.002). Although between-group differences in these outcomes were not significant, we observed within-group improvements in composite cognitive function scores over the course of the entire study only in the SUPP group (Delta = 0.58 +/- 0.62, p = 0.004) but not in the CON group (Delta = 0.31 +/- 0.61, p = 0.06). We observed a progressive increase in n 3 index, and a concomitant decrease in the ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) within erythrocyte plasma membranes, in the SUPP group only. At week 19, n - 3 index (r = 0.49, p = 0.02) and the ARA: EPA ratio (r = 0.44, p = 0.03) were significantly correlated with composite cognitive function scores. Our results show that 12 weeks of RET + HIIT resulted in improved MOCA scores, word recall, and reaction time during an executive functions task; and suggest that a multi-ingredient supplement combined with this exercise training program may improve composite cognitive function scores in older men possibly via supplementation-mediated alterations to n = 3 PUFA bioavailability.
AB - We aimed to evaluate the effect of multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation, with and without exercise training, on cognitive function in healthy older men. Forty-nine sedentary men [age: 73 +/- 6 years (mean +/- SD); body mass index: 28.5 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2)] were randomized to consume a supplement (SUPP n = 25; 1500 mg n = 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 30 g whey protein, 2.5 g creatine, 500 IU vitamin D, and 400 mg calcium) or control beverage (CON n = 24; 22 g maltodextrin) twice daily for 20 weeks consisting of Phase 1: SUPP/CON followed by Phase 2: 12-week resistance exercise training plus high-intensity interval training, while continuing to consume the study beverages (SUPP/CON + EX). At baseline, 6 weeks, and 19 weeks we assessed cognitive function [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)], memory [word recall during the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)], executive functions (working memory inhibition control), and nutrient bioavailability. We did not observe changes to any aspect of cognitive function after Phase 1; however, significant improvements in the following cognitive function outcomes were detected following Phase 2: MOCA scores increased (6 weeks: 23.5 +/- 3.3 vs. 19 weeks: 24.4 +/- 2.5, p = 0.013); number of words recalled during the RAVLT increased (6 weeks: 6.6 +/- 3.6 vs. 19 weeks: 7.6 +/- 3.8, p = 0.047); and reaction time improved (6 weeks: 567 +/- 49 ms vs. 19 weeks: 551 +/- 51 ms, p = 0.002). Although between-group differences in these outcomes were not significant, we observed within-group improvements in composite cognitive function scores over the course of the entire study only in the SUPP group (Delta = 0.58 +/- 0.62, p = 0.004) but not in the CON group (Delta = 0.31 +/- 0.61, p = 0.06). We observed a progressive increase in n 3 index, and a concomitant decrease in the ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) within erythrocyte plasma membranes, in the SUPP group only. At week 19, n - 3 index (r = 0.49, p = 0.02) and the ARA: EPA ratio (r = 0.44, p = 0.03) were significantly correlated with composite cognitive function scores. Our results show that 12 weeks of RET + HIIT resulted in improved MOCA scores, word recall, and reaction time during an executive functions task; and suggest that a multi-ingredient supplement combined with this exercise training program may improve composite cognitive function scores in older men possibly via supplementation-mediated alterations to n = 3 PUFA bioavailability.
KW - resistance exercise training
KW - high-intensity interval training
KW - n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
KW - protein
KW - creatine
KW - vitamin D
KW - calcium
KW - POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
KW - HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE
KW - MEDITERRANEAN DIET
KW - RISK-FACTOR
KW - DISEASE
KW - FITNESS
KW - ADULTS
KW - INFLAMMATION
KW - PERFORMANCE
U2 - 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00107
DO - 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00107
M3 - Article
C2 - 31143111
SN - 1663-4365
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
M1 - 107
ER -