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https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316178997.013
Universiteit Maastricht
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(332)Tj
11.9804 0 Td
[(c)-23(o)-23(n)-22(c)-23(l)-22(u)-23(s)-22(i)-22(o)-23(n)-22(s)]TJ
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0.0019 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 57.608 581.6785 Tm
[(ec)12(onomic)-333(loss)-331(sustained)-333(b)10(y)-332(thir)12(d)-333(par)-17(t)-3(ies)-331(is)-332(o)3(ft)9(en)-333(not)-333(c)12(omp)-5(e)3(nsable)-331(and)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(some)-218(damage)-217(ma)16(y)-217(b)-4(e)-216(c)12(onsider)12(e)-3(d)-218(t)10(oo)-217(r)12(e)2(mot)9(e)-1(.)-218(U)40(nder)-218(c)12(o)3(nc)10(epts)-218(of)-218(national)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(la)20(w)43(,)-277(the)-278(o)5(p)-5(e)3(r)-8(a)-1(t)10(o)3(r)-279(o)3(f)-279(a)-1(n)-278(a)-2(c)-5(t)-3(i)10(v)-16(it)-12(y)-280(a)-1(nd)-278(the)-279(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-280(p)3(r)14(o)11(v)-16(ider)-280(ma)16(y)-278(be)-278(jointly)]TJ
0.0017 Tc T*
[(and)-360(se)-8(v)15(er)-9(al)-6(ly)-359(liable.)-357(W)26(hile)-360(the)-361(b)2(ur)12(den)-361(o)3(f)-360(p)3(r)14(o)-4(of)-361(lies)-359(w)-17(ith)-360(the)-360(c)4(laimant,)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(the)-211(standar)12(d)-212(o)3(f)-212(p)3(r)15(o)-3(of)-212(var)-11(ies)-212(betw)6(een)-209(the)-212(M)28(e)3(mber)-211(Stat)10(es)-212(sur)-21(v)16(e)-9(y)11(ed.)-211(W)27(her)12(e)]TJ
0 -1.1857 TD
[(sp)-5(ecial)-284(st)-6(r)-11(ic)-5(t)-286(liabilit)-12(y)-284(r)12(e)-5(g)-11(imes)-285(apply)62(,)-285(the)-285(fac)-5(t)-285(that)-285(damage)-284(was)-284(caused)-285(b)11(y)]TJ
0.0014 Tc T*
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0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(most)-359(c)13(ount)-6(r)-11(ies)-360(and)-359(th)6(us)-360(the)-359(o)5(p)-5(e)3(r)-8(at)10(o)3(r)-360(o)3(r)-359(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-361(p)3(r)15(o)11(v)-16(ider)-360(w)-16(il)-5(l)-358(not)-359(be)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(liable)-325(for)-327(the)-327(ensuing)-328(damage.)-325(Final)-6(l)3(y)61(,)-326(in)-326(some)-328(c)12(ount)-6(r)-11(ies,)-327(sp)-5(ecial)-327(c)12(om-)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(p)-6(e)2(nsation)-244(sc)6(h)-1(emes)-243(for)-245(v)-16(ic)-6(tims)-243(of)-244(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism)-247(h)-1(a)16(v)15(e)-242(b)-4(een)-243(e)-1(stablished,)-243(w)-6(hic)6(h)]TJ
0.0029 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(t)10(e)4(nd)-247(t)11(o)-247(eff)4(e)-1(cti)11(v)16(el)4(y)-246(r)13(ed)4(uc)12(e)-247(t)1(he)-248(liab)4(ilit)-12(y)-247(e)7(xpos)4(ur)13(e)-247(o)4(f)-247(o)6(pe)4(r)-7(at)11(o)4(rs)-247(and)-246(s)1(ecur)-10(it)-12(y)]TJ
0.0015 Tc T*
[(\036r)-7(ms.)-227(Al)-6(l)-226(i)-1(n)-227(a)-1(l)-6(l)-1(,)-226(this)-227(a)-1(nalysis)-227(does)-226(not)-226(s)3(uggest)-228(that)-226(op)-6(er)-9(at)10(ors)-227(a)-1(nd)-227(secur)-11(i)-1(t)-13(y)]TJ
0.0024 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(\036r)-6(ms)-339(ar)12(e)-338(e)6(xposed)-337(t)11(o)-339(unlimit)10(ed)-340(and)-338(unc)13(ont)-5(r)15(ol)-5(lable)-338(t)1(hir)12(d-par)-16(t)-12(y)-340(liabilit)-12(y)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(for)-292(damage)-290(caused)-291(b)10(y)-291(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ists.)-294(On)-292(the)-291(c)12(ont)-6(r)-8(ar)-27(y)61(,)-292(national)-292(liabilit)-13(y)-292(l)-1(a)20(ws)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(enable)-321(op)-6(er)-9(at)10(ors)-323(a)-1(nd)-322(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-324(\036r)-7(ms)-323(t)10(o)-323(a)16(v)16(o)3(id)-322(liabilit)-13(y)-323(b)10(y)-322(d)3(emonst)-6(r)-9(a)-1(ting)]TJ
0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(c)13(o)4(mplianc)11(e)-348(w)-16(i)1(th)-348(their)-348(d)4(ut)-12(y)-350(o)4(f)-349(car)13(e,)-347(whic)7(h)-348(can)-347(be)-347(de\036ned)-348(b)11(y)-348(c)13(o)4(nt)-5(r)-8(a)-2(ct.)]TJ
0.0013 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(I)9(m)-1(por)-17(t)-1(antly)61(,)-321(in)-321(none)-321(of)-320(the)-320(M)27(ember)-320(S)-1(tat)9(e)-1(s)-320(s)3(ur)-22(v)15(e)-10(y)11(e)-3(d)-319(h)-1(a)15(v)15(e)-319(o)4(p)-6(e)2(r)-9(a)-1(t)10(o)2(rs)-320(or)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-232(\036r)-7(ms)-230(been)-229(held)-230(liable)-229(for)-230(damage)-230(caused)-230(b)10(y)-230(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ists,)-233(and)-230(ther)12(e)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(ar)12(e)-233(no)-232(sig)-11(ns)-234(of)-233(a)-233(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-234(cr)-11(isis)-233(or)-234(an)-232(imp)-5(ending)-235(liabilit)-13(y)-233(cr)-11(isis.)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(Althoug)-12(h)-402(the)-402(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-402(of)-401(op)-6(er)-9(at)10(ors)-402(a)-1(nd)-401(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-403(\036r)-7(ms)-402(is)-401(pr)11(edicat)9(ed)]TJ
0.002 Tc -1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(c)6(hie\037y)-394(on)-396(fault)-394(a)-1(nd)-395(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-8(a)-2(c)-5(t,)-396(insur)-8(anc)11(e)-396(can)-395(stil)-6(l)-396(pla)16(y)-394(a)-395(useful)-396(r)14(ole)-395(in)]TJ
T*
[(manag)-11(ing)-218(suc)6(h)-219(liabilit)-12(y)-218(in)-218(a)-1(n)-218(e)1(f\036cient)-218(manner)56(,)-219(as)-218(discussed)-219(in)-218(C)5(hapt)9(er)-218(6.)]TJ
0.0022 Tc T*
[(The)-144(main)-143(bar)-11(r)-11(iers)-144(t)10(o)-144(an)-143(e)1(ffecti)10(v)16(e)-144(insur)-8(anc)11(e)-144(mar)-6(k)17(e)-4(t,)-143(ho)15(w)6(e)-7(v)16(e)3(r)57(,)-143(ar)12(e)-144(the)-144(hig)-12(hly)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(c)12(o)3(r)-11(r)12(elat)9(ed)-415(natur)12(e)-417(of)-415(the)-416(r)-11(isks)-416(c)12(onc)11(e)3(r)-6(ned,)-417(the)-416(hig)-12(h)-416(insur)-8(a)-1(nc)11(e)-417(capacit)-12(y)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(r)12(e)-3(quir)12(ed)-185(and)-185(the)-185(lack)-184(of)-184(suf\036cient)-185(h)-1(ist)10(or)-11(ical)-186(data)-184(and)-185(p)3(r)12(e)-3(dic)-6(tabilit)-13(y)61(.)-186(These)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(issues)-168(can)-168(be)-167(mitigat)9(ed)-169(w)-6(her)12(e)-167(the)-169(go)11(v)15(e)3(r)-6(nment)-169(ac)11(c)11(epts)-168(the)-168(r)15(ole)-169(of)-168(r)12(einsur)12(e)3(r)]TJ
0.0013 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(of)-273(last)-272(r)11(e)-1(sor)-17(t)-1(.)-274(A)9(s)-273(a)-273(r)11(e)-1(sult)-273(of)-273(suc)6(h)-273(go)10(v)15(e)2(r)-7(n)-1(ment)-275(back-up)-272(a)-1(nd)-272(sophisticat)9(ed)]TJ
0.002 Tc T*
[(insur)-8(a)-1(nc)11(e)-262(t)9(ec)6(hniques,)-262(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-264(r)-11(isk)-262(has)-260(b)-4(ec)12(ome)-260(insur)-8(able)-261(again)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(aft)9(e)3(r)-233(insur)12(ers)-234(r)12(educ)11(ed)-233(or)-234(canc)11(el)-6(led)-231(c)12(o)11(v)15(er)-8(age)-231(f)3(ol)-6(lo)15(w)-17(ing)-233(the)-233(9/11)-232(a)-1(ttacks.)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(I)10(n)-309(addition)-311(t)10(o)-309(insur)-8(a)-1(nc)11(e,)-311(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-8(a)-2(c)-5(t)1(ual)-311(liabilit)-12(y)-310(limitations)-311(can)-309(help)-309(t)10(o)]TJ
0.0018 Tc -1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(mitigat)9(e)-280(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-279(e)6(x)-1(posur)12(e)-1(.)-278(T)-2(he)-279(analysis)-278(pr)12(esent)9(e)-3(d)-279(in)-279(C)5(hapt)9(er)-279(7)-279(d)3(emon-)]TJ
T*
[(st)-6(r)-8(a)-1(t)9(e)-3(d)-343(that)-343(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-344(p)3(r)14(o)10(v)-16(iders,)-344(unlik)17(e)-343(c)12(ompanies)-343(in)-343(other)-343(sec)-6(t)10(o)3(rs)-343(suc)6(h)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(as)-369(softwar)12(e,)-369(ma)16(y)-369(not)-369(be)-369(able)-368(t)10(o)-370(negotiat)10(e)-370(limitations)-370(on)-369(their)-369(liabilit)-12(y)]TJ
0.0014 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(in)-225(c)12(o)2(nt)-6(r)-9(a)-3(c)-6(ts)-225(w)-17(ith)-224(their)-225(cust)10(omers,)-226(in)-225(par)-17(t)-4(icular)-225(w)-6(h)-1(er)11(e)-224(the)-225(go)10(v)15(e)2(r)-7(nment)-226(or)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(public)-134(agencies)-134(pur)12(c)6(hase)-134(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-134(ser)-21(v)-16(ic)11(es)-134(or)-133(pr)14(oduc)-5(ts)-134(in)-133(a)-134(r)12(egulat)9(ed)-134(public)]TJ
0.0016 Tc T*
[(pr)14(ocur)12(ement)-313(p)3(r)14(o)-4(c)10(e)-1(ss.)-312(T)-2(he)-311(c)12(o)3(mbination)-313(o)3(f)-312(e)6(xposur)12(e)-311(t)10(o)-312(l)-1(arge)-311(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-268(liabilities)-267(\(e)-7(v)15(e)3(n)-267(if)-268(based)-267(solely)-268(on)-268(fault\))-268(and)-268(the)-268(inabilit)-12(y)-269(t)10(o)-268(limit)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(suc)6(h)-304(e)6(x)-1(posur)12(e)-303(b)10(y)-303(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-9(a)-3(c)-6(t)-304(\(and)-303(t)10(o)-304(obtain)-304(adequat)9(e)-304(insur)-9(a)-1(nc)10(e)-304(c)12(o)10(v)15(er)-9(age,)]TJ
0.002 Tc T*
[(w)-6(hic)6(h,)-256(b)10(y)-257(de\036nition,)-257(is)-257(subjec)-5(t)-258(t)10(o)-257(\036)-1(nancial)-257(l)-1(imits\))-257(mig)-12(ht)-258(r)12(e)3(nder)-258(secur)-11(it)-12(y)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(pr)14(o)10(v)-16(iders)-385(uniquely)-387(v)-5(ulner)-9(a)-1(ble)-382(t)10(o)-385(s)3(uc)6(h)-385(l)-1(iabilities.)-384(T)-2(his)-384(d)5(oes)-384(not)-385(mean,)]TJ
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0.0003 Tc 10.4608 0 0 10.4608 182.797 602.8015 Tm
[(c)-23(o)-23(n)-22(c)-23(l)-22(u)-23(s)-22(i)-22(o)-23(n)-22(s)]TJ
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0.0018 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 57.472 581.6785 Tm
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0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(but)-256(it)-256(ma)16(y)-256(mean)-255(that)-255(ther)12(e)-256(is)-257(p)-4(ossibly)-255(e)6(x)22(c)11(eptional)-255(liabilit)-13(y)-256(e)6(xposur)12(e)-256(that)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(ma)16(y)-303(r)12(equir)12(e)-304(policy)-15(mak)17(e)3(rs)18(\222)-302(a)-1(tt)9(ention.)-305(T)-2(he)-303(ad)8(vantages)-303(o)3(f)-304(a)-303(liabilit)-12(y)-304(limi-)]TJ
0.0023 Tc T*
[(tation)-257(m)6(ust)-257(be)-256(w)6(eig)-11(hed)-255(against)-257(its)-257(disad)8(v)-1(antages,)-256(suc)7(h)-257(as)-255(the)-257(p)-3(ot)10(ential)-5(ly)]TJ
0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(negati)11(v)16(e)-382(effec)-5(t)1(s)-383(o)4(f)-383(s)4(uc)7(h)-383(a)-383(measur)12(e)-383(o)4(n)-383(liabilit)-12(y\222)54(s)-383(objec)-5(t)-3(i)11(v)16(es)-382(in)-383(t)10(e)3(r)-6(m)1(s)-384(o)4(f)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(det)9(e)3(r)-11(r)12(enc)11(e)-233(\(pr)12(e)-7(v)15(e)3(ntion\),)-234(r)-11(isk)-233(al)-6(location)-231(and)-233(l)-1(oss-spr)12(e)-1(ading)-12(.)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(Liabilit)-13(y)-243(is)-242(o)3(ne)-243(wa)16(y)-241(t)10(o)-243(c)12(omp)-6(e)2(nsat)9(e)-243(d)-1(amage)-242(c)-1(aused)-242(b)10(y)-242(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ism,)-246(but)-242(it)]TJ
0.0015 Tc -1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(is)-304(not)-304(the)-305(only)-304(wa)16(y)61(.)-302(Alt)9(e)2(r)-7(nati)10(v)15(e)-305(s)-1(yst)9(e)2(ms)-305(that)-304(modify)-304(or)-304(e)6(x)22(clude)-303(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.0018 Tc T*
[(include)-210(the)-210(US)-210(Safet)-13(y)-209(A)29(c)-6(t)-210(a)-1(nd)-209(v)-16(ic)-6(t)-3(im)-209(c)12(o)3(mp)-5(ensation)-210(funds.)-210(These)-209(syst)9(e)3(ms)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(ar)12(e)-138(r)12(e)-7(v)-16(iew)6(e)-2(d)-137(in)-137(C)5(hapt)9(er)-137(8.)-137(I)9(n)-137(the)-138(US,)-137(the)-138(l)-1(a)20(wsuits)-137(f)3(ol)-6(lo)15(w)-17(ing)-137(the)-138(9/11)-137(a)-1(ttacks)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(had)-141(a)-142(c)7(hil)-5(ling)-141(effec)-5(t)-141(on)-141(some)-142(ec)13(onomic)-141(ac)-5(ti)10(v)-16(ities)-141(and)-141(r)12(esult)10(e)-2(d)-141(in)-141(sig)-11(ni\036cant)]TJ
0.0011 Tc T*
[(r)11(e)-3(duc)-6(t)-4(ion)-300(o)2(f)-300(t)-1(he)-299(a)15(v)-2(ailabilit)-13(y)-298(of)-300(insur)-9(a)-2(nc)10(e)-300(c)11(o)10(v)14(er)-9(age)-297(f)2(or)-299(t)8(e)2(r)-12(r)14(or)-12(ism-r)11(e)-3(lat)8(e)-3(d)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(r)-11(isk,)-372(including)-372(canc)10(el)-6(lation)-370(of)-370(insur)-8(a)-1(nc)10(e)-372(p)-4(olicies)-370(in)-371(some)-371(cases.)-370(T)-2(hese)]TJ
0.0015 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(ad)8(v)15(e)2(rse)-172(c)12(onsequenc)10(e)-1(s)-172(p)3(r)14(o)3(mpt)9(e)-3(d)-175(U)-1(S)-171(C)8(ong)-11(r)11(ess)-173(t)10(o)-172(a)-3(dopt)-172(the)-173(T)117(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ism)-173(Risk)]TJ
-0.0074 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(In)-9(s)-6(u)-9(r)-18(a)-10(n)-9(c)1(e)-287(A)20(c)-15(t)-9(,)]TJ
0 Tc 7.4968 0 0 7.4968 120.013 407.7355 Tm
(2)Tj
0.0015 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 127.105 403.8475 Tm
[(w)-6(h)-1(ic)6(h)-276(r)11(equir)11(e)-1(s)-279(that)-277(i)-1(nsur)-9(anc)10(e)-279(c)12(o)3(mpanies)-277(o)3(ffer)-278(c)12(o)10(v)15(e)2(r)-9(a)-1(ge)]TJ
0.0011 Tc -6.5018 -1.1866 Td
[(of)-233(business)-234(pr)14(op)-6(er)-18(t)-13(y)-236(and)-233(c)-1(asualt)-13(y)-233(l)-1(osses,)]TJ
0 Tc 7.4968 0 0 7.4968 229.894 395.0275 Tm
(3)Tj
0.0036 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 236.491 391.1395 Tm
[(as)-230(w)8(e)-1(ll)-230(as)-230(the)-231(Safet)-11(y)-231(A)31(ct,)-232(w)-4(hic)8(h)]TJ
0.0019 Tc -16.7154 -1.1857 Td
[(pr)14(o)11(v)-16(ides)-150(a)-150(mec)6(hanism)-150(for)-150(l)-1(imiting)-150(the)-150(liabilit)-13(y)-150(o)3(f)-150(the)-150(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-150(indust)-6(r)-27(y)-150(and)]TJ
0.0025 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(c)11(e)3(r)-16(t)1(ain)-283(hig)-11(h-r)-10(isk)-284(o)5(p)-5(er)-8(at)11(ors.)-283(The)-283(US)-282(S)-1(afet)-12(y)-282(A)30(ct)-283(was)-281(speci\036cally)-282(int)10(ended)]TJ
0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(t)11(o)-319(stim)6(ulat)10(e)-319(i)1(nno)11(vation)-319(in)-319(secur)-10(i)1(t)-12(y)-320(t)10(e)-2(c)7(hnolog)-19(y)-319(b)11(y)-318(mitigating)-320(t)1(he)-319(thr)13(eat)]TJ
0.0015 Tc T*
[(of)-349(ci)10(v)-16(i)-1(l)-348(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)61(.)-349(I)9(n)-348(E)20(ur)14(op)-6(e,)-348(the)-349(a)-3(doption)-349(o)3(f)-349(the)-349(US)-349(Safet)-13(y)-349(A)29(c)-6(t)-348(a)-1(nd)-349(the)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(c)12(o)3(ntin)7(uing)-288(thr)12(eat)-287(of)-286(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ist)-289(a)-1(ttacks)-287(r)-9(aised)-286(the)-287(question)-287(of)-287(w)-6(h)-1(ether)-285(the)]TJ
0 -1.1857 TD
[(E)21(ur)14(o)5(p)-5(ean)-285(U)40(nion)-287(should)-285(tak)17(e)-285(ac)-6(tion)-286(t)10(o)-285(limit)-285(ci)10(v)-16(il)-286(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-286(for)-285(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ism-)]TJ
0.0019 Tc T*
[(r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-374(r)-11(isks.)-376(A)7(rguments)-377(ha)16(v)15(e)-374(been)-374(made)-376(that)-375(the)-375(EU)-375(should)-374(adopt)-376(a)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(r)12(e)-5(g)-11(ime)-385(lik)17(e)-383(the)-385(US)-384(S)-2(afet)-12(y)-384(A)29(c)-5(t,)-385(o)3(r)-385(a)-1(t)-383(least)-383(a)-385(liabilit)-12(y)-384(limitation)-385(f)3(or)-384(the)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(bene\036t)-347(of)-349(the)-349(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-350(indust)-6(r)-27(y)61(.)-351(The)-349(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-349(litig)-5(a)-1(tion)-349(en)25(v)-16(ir)14(o)3(nment)-351(in)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(E)20(ur)14(o)4(p)-6(e)-1(,)-259(h)-1(o)15(w)6(e)-8(v)15(er)56(,)-258(is)-258(d)-1(iffer)12(e)2(nt)-259(fr)14(om)-259(the)-259(l)-1(itigation)-259(e)2(n)25(v)-16(ir)14(onment)-261(in)-259(the)-258(US,)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(in)-286(t)9(e)3(r)-6(ms)-287(o)3(f)-286(b)-4(oth)-286(p)3(r)15(o)-4(c)11(e)-2(dur)12(e)-287(and)-286(s)3(ubstanti)10(v)15(e)-286(la)20(w)43(.)-285(F)17(o)3(r)-285(instanc)11(e,)-286(disc)12(o)11(v)15(er)-27(y)]TJ
0.0024 Tc T*
[(d)5(o)-3(es)-202(not)-203(e)6(xist)-202(in)-202(E)21(ur)15(o)5(pe)-204(and)-202(puniti)10(v)16(e)-204(damages)-201(ar)12(e)-203(basically)-201(non-e)6(xist)10(ent.)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(F)16(ur)-16(ther)57(,)-202(national)-201(social)-200(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-202(r)12(e)-5(g)-11(imes)-201(and)-201(sp)-5(eci\036c)-200(t)10(er)-11(r)15(o)3(r)-11(ism)-204(funds)-201(and)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(public\226pr)-11(i)10(vat)9(e)-373(par)-17(t)-6(nerships)-373(in)-372(the)-373(E)21(ur)14(opean)-372(U)40(nion)-373(p)3(r)14(o)10(v)-16(ide)-374(monetar)-27(y)]TJ
T*
[(c)12(o)3(mp)-5(ensation)-272(t)10(o)-273(v)-16(ic)-6(t)-3(ims,)-272(w)-6(hic)6(h)-272(r)12(educ)10(es)-272(the)-272(need)-272(t)10(o)-273(r)12(e)-3(ly)-271(on)-272(the)-272(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(syst)9(em)-220(for)-219(p)-1(ur)-11(poses)-219(o)3(f)-219(c)12(omp)-6(e)2(nsating)-220(d)-1(amage)-219(c)-1(aused)-219(b)10(y)-218(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ist)-221(attacks.)]TJ
0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(Th)6(us,)-237(e)-7(v)16(e)3(n)-235(i)1(f)-237(t)1(her)12(e)-236(is)-236(a)-236(g)5(ood)-237(case)-236(for)-236(t)1(he)-237(Safet)-12(y)-236(A)30(c)-5(t)-237(i)1(n)-236(t)1(he)-237(US,)-236(i)1(t)-236(d)5(oes)-236(n)1(ot)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(fol)-6(l)-1(o)15(w)-232(that)-233(ther)12(e)-234(is)-233(a)-233(case)-232(for)-234(a)-1(n)-232(EU)-233(S)-2(afet)-13(y)-233(A)29(c)-6(t.)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(A)7(n)-519(alt)9(e)3(r)-6(nati)10(v)15(e)-519(that)-519(limits)-519(liabilit)-12(y)-519(e)6(xposur)12(e)-519(in)-519(a)-519(differ)12(e)3(nt)-519(wa)16(y)-518(is)]TJ
-1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(go)11(v)15(e)3(r)-7(nment-mandat)9(ed)-331(\036rst-par)-17(t)-12(y)-329(insur)-8(a)-1(nc)11(e,)-329(w)-6(hic)6(h)-328(is)-329(a)-1(lso)-328(discussed)-329(in)]TJ
T*
[(C)5(hapt)9(e)3(r)-260(8.)-259(S)11(uc)7(h)-259(p)3(r)15(o)-2(g)-11(r)-8(ammes)-261(ha)16(v)15(e)-258(b)-4(een)-259(e)-1(stablished)-259(for)-259(natur)-8(al)-259(disast)9(ers)]TJ
0 Tc 5.9277 0 0 5.9277 58.129 99.3235 Tm
(2)Tj
0.0025 Tc 8.4682 0 0 8.4682 65.302 96.2455 Tm
[(P)17(u)1(b)24(.)-234(La)22(w)-232(107\226297,)-230(116)-232(Stat.)-231(2322.)]TJ
0 Tc 5.9277 0 0 5.9277 58.129 89.3605 Tm
(3)Tj
0.0019 Tc 8.4682 0 0 8.4682 65.302 86.2825 Tm
[(The)-233(a)-2(c)-6(t)-232(e)7(x)24(cl)5(udes)-236(losses)-233(d)3(ue)-233(t)9(o)-232(n)7(uclear)56(,)-235(b)3(iolog)-11(ical)-233(o)2(r)-233(c)7(hemical)-234(attacks,)-233(ho)14(w)7(e)-7(v)16(e)3(r)56(.)-234(2004,)-232(172.)]TJ
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BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0003 Tc 10.4608 0 0 10.4608 57.608 602.8015 Tm
(334)Tj
11.9804 0 Td
[(c)-23(o)-23(n)-22(c)-23(l)-22(u)-23(s)-22(i)-22(o)-23(n)-22(s)]TJ
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.002 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 57.608 581.6785 Tm
[(in)-455(F)12(r)-8(anc)11(e)-454(and)-456(a)-455(few)-454(other)-456(c)12(ount)-6(r)-11(ies.)-456(The)-9(y)-454(t)-12(y)-22(pical)-6(l)3(y)-455(in)25(v)16(ol)10(v)15(e)-455(manda-)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(t)10(o)3(r)-27(y)-364(insur)-9(a)-1(nc)10(e)-364(c)12(ont)-6(r)-9(ac)-6(t)9(e)-3(d)-364(b)10(y)-362(v)-16(ic)-6(tims)-363(and)-363(p)3(r)14(o)10(v)-16(ide)-364(c)12(o)3(mpr)12(ehensi)10(v)15(e)-363(c)12(o)10(v)-1(-)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(er)-8(age.)-310(Althoug)-12(h)-313(possibly)-311(useful)-311(t)10(o)-312(addr)12(ess)-311(natur)-8(al)-312(disast)9(ers,)-312(this)-312(model)]TJ
0.0015 Tc T*
[(is)-233(not)-233(a)-1(ppr)14(opr)-11(i)-1(at)9(e)-236(f)2(or)-233(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)11(e)-3(lat)9(e)-3(d)-237(r)-11(isk,)-233(b)-4(ecause)-232(it)-233(w)10(o)-1(uld)-233(r)11(educ)10(e)-234(the)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(inc)11(e)3(nti)10(v)15(es)-266(t)10(o)-267(pr)12(e)-7(v)15(ent)-266(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ist)-268(attacks.)-266(F)15(ur)-17(ther)56(,)-267(e)6(x-ant)9(e,)-265(st)-6(r)-7(uc)-5(t)1(ur)12(ed)-268(c)12(o)3(m-)]TJ
0.0025 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(p)-5(e)3(nsation)-279(funds)-279(and)-279(e)7(x-post)-278(ad)-278(hoc)-278(v)-15(ic)-5(tim)-279(c)13(omp)-5(e)3(nsation)-279(p)4(r)15(o)-1(g)-10(r)-8(ammes,)]TJ
0.0018 Tc T*
[(w)-6(hic)6(h)-327(c)12(omp)-5(e)3(nsat)9(e)-327(v)-16(ic)-6(tims)-327(out)-327(o)3(f)-328(public)-327(r)12(e)-8(v)15(en)7(ues)-326(o)3(r)-327(sp)-5(e)-3(ci\036c)-327(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-11(ibu-)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(tions,)-248(effec)-6(t)-4(i)10(v)15(ely)-246(p)3(r)14(o)10(v)-16(ide)-248(subsidies)-248(t)10(o)-248(indust)-6(r)-27(y)61(,)-249(or)-248(diminish)-249(the)-247(det)9(e)2(r)-11(r)12(ent)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(effec)-6(t)-193(of)-194(liabilit)-13(y)-194(if)-194(o)5(p)-5(e)3(r)-8(a)-1(t)10(o)3(rs)-194(ar)12(e)-193(no)-194(l)-1(onger)-194(e)6(xposed)-193(t)10(o)-194(liabilit)-13(y)-194(t)10(o)-195(the)-193(same)]TJ
0.0012 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(e)5(x)-1(t)9(e)2(nt.)-314(C)7(o)2(nsequently)61(,)-316(these)-314(t)-13(y)-22(p)-6(es)-314(of)-314(go)10(v)15(e)2(r)-7(n)-1(ment-suppor)-17(t)9(e)-3(d)-319(c)12(omp)-6(e)2(nsa-)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(tion)-186(mec)6(hanisms)-185(ar)12(e)-185(not)-185(the)-185(ideal)-185(solutions)-187(f)3(or)-185(r)12(e)-3(dr)12(essing)-186(damage)-184(ar)-11(ising)]TJ
0.0015 Tc T*
[(fr)14(om)-234(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)11(e)-3(lat)9(e)-3(d)-236(r)-11(isks.)]TJ
0.002 Tc 1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(Liabilit)-12(y)-390(f)3(or)-391(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-393(r)-11(isk)-391(mig)-12(ht)-391(ha)16(v)15(e)-389(t)10(o)-390(be)-390(limit)9(ed)-391(on)-391(the)]TJ
0.0022 Tc -1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(g)-11(r)15(ound)-290(that)-288(unlimit)10(ed)-290(liabilit)-12(y)-289(w)10(ould)-287(be)-288(ent)10(e)3(r)-11(p)3(r)-11(ise-thr)12(eat)10(ening)-12(.)-292(Differ)25(-)]TJ
0.0016 Tc T*
[(ential)-250(t)-6(r)12(eat)-6(ment)-250(of)-250(hig)-12(h)-1(-r)-11(isk)-251(facilit)-13(y)-250(op)-6(er)-9(at)10(ors)-250(a)-1(nd)-249(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-251(\036r)-7(ms)-250(for)-250(l)-1(ia-)]TJ
0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(bilit)-12(y)-224(pur)-10(p)-3(oses)-224(c)13(ould)-224(b)-3(e)-223(j)5(usti\036ed)-225(i)1(f)-223(i)1(t)-224(c)13(ould)-223(be)-223(sho)15(w)-16(n)-224(t)1(hat)-224(t)1(hese)-224(\036r)-6(ms)-225(ar)13(e)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(e)6(x)-1(posed)-222(t)10(o)-223(a)-1(n)-223(e)6(x)22(c)10(essi)10(v)15(e)-222(deg)-11(r)12(ee)-223(of)-223(liabilit)-13(y)61(,)-224(suffer)-224(fr)14(om)-225(st)-6(r)-7(uc)-6(t)1(ur)-8(al)-224(inabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(t)10(o)-264(deplo)16(y)-263(r)-11(isk)-265(mitigation)-265(st)-6(r)-8(at)9(eg)-11(ies,)-264(or)-264(under)-11(in)25(v)15(est)-265(in)-264(inno)11(vation)-264(due)-265(t)10(o)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(the)-377(thr)12(eat)-376(of)-377(liabilit)-13(y)62(.)-377(Eac)6(h)-376(of)-377(these)-376(a)-1(rguments)-378(ha)16(v)15(e)-376(been)-376(r)12(e)-7(v)-16(iew)6(ed)-375(in)]TJ
0.0016 Tc T*
[(C)4(h)-1(apt)9(e)2(r)-261(9)-1(.)-259(N)27(one)-260(o)3(f)-261(them,)-260(ho)14(w)6(e)-8(v)15(e)2(r)56(,)-260(was)-259(found)-260(t)10(o)-260(b)-4(e)-259(p)-6(ersuasi)10(v)15(e.)-260(Ther)12(e)-261(is)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(some)-313(US)-313(e)-7(v)-16(idenc)11(e)-313(that)-313(unlimit)10(ed)-313(liabilit)-12(y)-313(w)10(ould)-313(ha)16(v)16(e)-311(an)-312(ad)8(v)16(e)3(rse)-313(e)1(ffec)-5(t)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(on)-314(the)-314(d)3(e)-7(v)15(elopment)-315(and)-314(d)3(eplo)16(y)-15(ment)-313(o)3(f)-315(inno)11(vati)10(v)15(e)-314(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-316(t)9(e)-2(c)6(hnolog)-19(y)]TJ
0.0019 Tc T*
[(and)-415(syst)9(e)3(ms,)-417(but)-417(the)-416(situation)-417(in)-415(E)21(ur)14(o)5(p)-5(e)-417(w)-17(ith)-416(its)-416(m)6(uc)6(h)-415(l)-1(ess)-415(l)-1(itig)-11(ious)]TJ
0.0009 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(en)24(v)-17(i)-1(r)13(o)2(nment)-311(i)-1(s)-309(q)3(uit)8(e)-310(differ)11(ent.)-310(W)99(e)-309(c)11(o)2(nclude)-3(d)-309(t)-1(hat)-309(t)-1(her)11(e)-309(ar)11(e)-308(n)-1(o)-309(p)-6(ersua-)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(si)10(v)15(e)-390(arguments)-392(t)10(o)-391(suppor)-17(t)-392(the)-391(pr)14(oposition)-392(that)-390(unlimit)9(ed)-392(liabilit)-13(y)-391(f)3(or)]TJ
0.0015 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)11(e)-3(lat)9(e)-3(d)-296(r)-11(isk)-292(has)-292(a)-1(n)-292(e)2(nt)9(er)-11(pr)-11(ise-thr)11(eat)9(ening)-295(e)1(ffec)-6(t)-292(o)3(n)-292(e)2(nt)9(er)-11(pr)-11(ise)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(w)-17(ithin)-233(the)-233(EU)45(.)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(T)117(o)-407(bett)9(er)-407(understand)-409(the)-408(\036)-1(nding)-6(s)-409(of)-407(our)-408(a)-1(nalysis)-408(th)5(us)-408(far)56(,)-408(w)6(e)-407(also)]TJ
0.0014 Tc -1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(c)12(o)2(nduc)-6(t)9(e)-3(d)-391(a)-1(n)-389(e)-3(c)12(o)2(nomic)-390(analysis)-389(of)-390(liabilit)-13(y)-389(f)2(or)-390(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)11(e)-3(lat)9(e)-3(d)-392(r)-11(isk.)]TJ
0.0017 Tc T*
[(I)9(n)-311(C)4(h)-1(apt)9(e)2(r)-313(10,)-311(the)-313(r)12(esults)-312(of)-313(that)-311(analysis)-312(w)6(e)2(r)12(e)-311(pr)12(esent)9(e)-3(d.)-314(This)-312(analysis)]TJ
0.002 Tc T*
[(identi\036ed)-229(the)-229(inef\036ciencies)-228(a)-1(ssociat)9(e)-2(d)-229(w)-17(ith)-228(the)-229(cur)-11(r)12(ent)-229(int)9(er)-7(national)-231(and)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(EU)-147(liabilit)-12(y)-148(r)12(eg)-11(imes)-147(f)3(or)-147(other)-147(kinds)-147(of)-147(damage.)-147(W)35(ith)-147(r)12(esp)-5(e)-2(c)-5(t)-147(t)10(o)-147(alt)9(e)3(r)-6(nati)10(v)15(es)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(t)10(o)-163(liabilit)-13(y)61(,)-162(the)-163(a)-1(nalysis)-162(suggest)9(e)-3(d)-163(that)-162(a)-163(r)12(e)-3(duc)-6(t)-3(ion)-162(in)-162(p)3(r)12(e)-8(v)15(e)3(ntion)-162(inc)10(enti)10(v)15(e)-1(s)]TJ
0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(that)-342(ma)17(y)-342(b)-3(e)-341(associat)10(ed)-342(w)-16(i)1(th)-342(suc)7(h)-343(alt)10(e)3(r)-6(n)1(ati)11(v)16(es)-342(c)13(ould)-342(r)13(esult)-343(i)1(n)-342(i)1(ncr)13(eased)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-257(r)-11(isk.)-254(I)11(t)-253(a)-1(lso)-253(sho)15(w)6(e)-2(d)-252(that)-254(in)-254(case)-253(o)3(f)-254(a)-253(ser)-11(ious)-255(insol)9(v)15(e)3(ncy)]TJ
0.0016 Tc T*
[(r)-11(isk,)-315(under)24(-det)9(er)-11(r)12(e)2(nc)10(e)-317(ma)16(y)-314(oc)10(cur)-314(under)-315(a)-314(c)12(on)25(v)15(e)2(ntional)-315(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-314(r)-7(ule.)-315(I)9(f)]TJ
0.001 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(ther)11(e)-258(w)5(er)11(e)-257(p)2(r)13(o)-5(of)-259(of)-258(such)-258(an)-257(insol)9(v)14(ency)-258(r)-12(i)-1(sk,)-259(t)-1(hat)-257(m)-1(a)15(y)-257(b)-5(e)-257(an)-257(argument)-259(i)-1(n)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(fa)16(v)16(our)-250(of)-251(imposing)-252(mandat)10(o)3(r)-27(y)-253(sol)10(v)15(ency)-251(guar)-8(a)-1(nt)9(ees,)-252(suc)6(h)-252(as)-251(c)12(o)3(mpulsor)-27(y)]TJ
0.0016 Tc T*
[(insur)-9(a)-1(nc)10(e.)-319(H)20(o)14(w)6(e)-8(v)15(e)2(r)56(,)-317(as)-317(long)-319(as)-317(ther)12(e)-318(is)-318(no)-318(p)3(r)14(o)-4(of)-318(that)-318(the)-318(indust)-6(r)-27(y)-320(ma)16(y)]TJ
0.0024 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(not)-371(b)-4(e)-369(able)-369(t)11(o)-371(meet)-369(its)-371(liabilities)-369(t)11(o)15(war)12(ds)-371(thir)12(d)-370(par)-16(ties,)-371(t)1(her)12(e)-371(ma)17(y)-370(n)1(ot)]TJ
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[(c)-23(o)-23(n)-22(c)-23(l)-22(u)-23(s)-22(i)-22(o)-23(n)-22(s)]TJ
16.5421 0 Td
(335)Tj
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[(be)-241(an)-241(urgent)-243(r)12(eason)-241(t)10(o)-242(int)-6(r)15(oduc)11(e)-243(mandat)10(o)3(r)-27(y)-242(\036nancial)-242(secur)-11(it)-12(y)62(,)-243(g)-11(i)10(v)15(en)-242(the)]TJ
0.0023 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(substantial)-233(c)13(osts)-233(associat)10(ed)-232(w)-16(ith)-233(suc)7(h)-233(a)-232(measur)12(e.)]TJ
0.002 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(I)9(n)-303(lig)-12(ht)-304(o)3(f)-303(the)-304(pr)12(ec)11(eding)-304(a)-1(nalysis,)-303(the)-304(q)4(uestion)-304(can)-303(no)15(w)-303(b)-4(e)-303(a)-1(nsw)6(e)3(r)12(e)-2(d)]TJ
0.0019 Tc -1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(w)-6(hether)-243(ther)12(e)-244(is)-244(a)-244(r)14(ole)-244(f)3(or)-245(the)-244(EU)-243(w)-17(ith)-244(r)12(espec)-5(t)-244(t)10(o)-244(thir)12(d-par)-17(t)-13(y)-245(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-244(for)]TJ
0.0023 Tc T*
[(t)10(e)3(r)-10(r)15(or)-10(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)10(e)-2(d)-237(r)-10(isk)-235(and)-234(if)-234(so)24(,)-234(w)-5(hat)-233(that)-233(r)15(ole)-234(should)-234(be.)-232(A)10(s)-233(discussed)-234(in)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(Chapt)9(e)3(r)-234(11,)-234(p)-5(e)3(r)12(c)11(ei)10(v)15(e)-2(d)-233(p)3(r)14(oblems)-234(in)-234(the)-234(insur)-8(a)-1(nc)11(e)-235(mar)-6(k)17(e)-4(t)-233(a)-1(nd)-234(in)-234(the)-234(mar)24(-)]TJ
0.0018 Tc T*
[(k)17(e)-4(t)-319(f)3(or)-321(public)-319(pr)14(ocur)12(ement)-322(o)3(f)-320(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-322(g)4(oods)-320(a)-1(nd)-320(ser)-21(v)-16(ic)10(es)-320(ma)16(y)-320(d)3(eser)-21(v)15(e)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(fur)-17(ther)-304(a)-1(tt)9(ention)-304(fr)14(om)-305(policy)-15(mak)17(e)2(rs,)-301(either)-304(a)-1(t)-303(the)-303(EU)-304(or)-304(M)28(e)2(mber)-303(Stat)9(e)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(le)-7(v)16(e)-2(ls.)-324(Our)-327(analysis)-325(focused)-326(o)3(n)-326(the)-326(alleged)-324(lac)5(k)-325(o)3(f)-326(affor)12(dable)-324(insur)-8(anc)11(e)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(c)12(o)11(v)15(e)3(r)-8(a)-1(ge)-291(for)-293(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-295(r)-11(isk)-293(a)-1(nd)-292(the)-293(impossibilit)-13(y)-293(o)3(f)-293(l)-1(imiting)-293(l)-1(ia-)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(bilit)-12(y)-374(b)10(y)-374(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-8(a)-2(c)-5(t,)-376(in)-374(par)-17(ticular)-374(in)-375(the)-374(c)12(o)3(nt)9(e)6(xt)-375(o)3(f)-373(public)-374(p)3(r)15(o)-4(cur)12(e)3(ment.)]TJ
0.0019 Tc T*
[(Despit)9(e)-283(c)5(laims)-282(that)-282(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-284(insur)-8(anc)11(e)-284(is)-282(gener)-8(a)-1(l)-6(l)3(y)-282(una)16(vailable,)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(the)-163(r)12(ealit)-12(y)-163(appears)-162(t)10(o)-162(b)-4(e)-163(mor)12(e)-163(c)13(omplicat)10(ed;)-162(w)-5(hile)-163(ther)12(e)-163(ar)12(e)-163(w)6(e)-2(ll-de)-7(v)16(elo)5(p)-5(ed)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(mar)-6(k)17(ets)-274(in)-275(some)-275(M)28(ember)-274(Stat)9(e)-1(s,)-276(c)12(o)11(v)15(e)3(r)-8(a)-1(ge)-273(a)16(v)-1(ailabilit)-12(y)-274(ma)16(y)-274(b)-4(e)-274(limit)9(ed)-275(in)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(other)-215(M)28(ember)-214(Stat)9(e)-1(s.)-214(F)15(ur)-17(ther)56(,)-216(if)-215(and)-215(t)10(o)-216(the)-215(e)6(xt)9(e)3(nt)-214(that)-215(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-216(and)-215(other)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(\036r)-7(ms)-172(ar)12(e)-172(\223)11(for)12(c)10(ed\224)-171(t)10(o)-172(a)-3(c)10(c)10(ept)-171(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-9(a)-3(c)-6(ts)-172(that)-172(d)5(o)-171(not)-172(pr)14(o)10(v)-16(ide)-172(f)3(or)-172(an)23(y)-171(l)-1(imits)-172(o)3(n)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(their)-245(liabilit)-12(y)62(,)-245(these)-244(c)13(o)3(nt)-6(r)-8(a)-2(c)-5(t)-246(clauses)-244(c)13(ould)-245(be)-244(v)-16(iew)6(ed)-243(as)-244(mer)12(e)-2(ly)-245(r)12(e)1(\037ec)-5(t)-3(ing)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(the)-328(p)3(r)12(e)1(fer)12(e)3(nc)11(es)-327(of)-328(the)-328(c)12(ont)-6(r)-8(ac)-5(ting)-329(par)-17(t)-3(ies;)-328(ther)12(e)-328(is)-328(no)-328(r)12(eason)-327(t)10(o)-328(belie)-7(v)15(e)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(that)-198(this)-199(w)10(ould)-198(r)12(e\037ec)-5(t)-197(some)-199(\223mar)-6(k)17(et)-197(failur)12(e)20(\224)165(.)-198(A)29(c)11(c)12(or)12(ding)-14(ly)62(,)-199(it)-199(is)-198(har)12(d)-198(t)10(o)-199(see)]TJ
0.0023 Tc T*
[(w)-5(h)23(y)-238(the)-239(EU)-238(should)-239(tak)18(e)-238(ac)-5(tion.)-239(E)30(v)16(e)3(n)-239(if)-239(the)-239(argument)-240(that)-239(the)-239(EU)-238(should)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(ac)-5(t)-273(p)3(r)12(e)-7(vails,)-272(as)-272(a)-273(matt)10(e)3(r)-273(o)3(f)-273(fac)-5(t)-272(the)-273(EU)-273(w)10(ould)-271(lik)17(ely)-272(not)-273(suppor)-16(t)-274(liabilit)-12(y)]TJ
0.0009 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(pr)13(ot)8(e)-3(c)-6(t)-4(i)-1(on)-330(for)-329(t)-1(he)-329(b)-5(e)2(ne\036t)-327(of)-328(se)-3(cur)-12(i)-1(t)-14(y)-330(\036r)-8(ms)-329(and)-328(o)-1(ther)-328(e)-3(c)11(onomic)-330(op)-6(er)-9(a-)]TJ
0.0011 Tc T*
[(t)9(o)2(rs,)-326(g)-12(i)9(v)14(en)-324(the)-325(M)27(ember)-324(S)-1(tat)8(e)-325(go)10(v)14(e)2(r)-7(n)-1(ments)17(\222)-327(p)2(r)11(efer)11(e)2(nc)10(es)-325(for)-325(f)-1(ul)-7(l)-324(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)]TJ
-0.0026 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(ex)-5(p)-8(o)-5(su)-5(r)7(e)-5(.)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(Despit)9(e)-214(s)3(uggestions)-215(t)10(o)-214(the)-213(c)12(ont)-6(r)-8(ar)-27(y)61(,)-214(e)-8(v)-16(idenc)10(e)-213(of)-213(an)-213(imp)-5(ending)-214(liabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.0019 Tc -1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(cr)-11(isis)-422(in)-422(the)-421(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-423(indust)-6(r)-27(y)-423(is)-421(absent.)-421(The)-422(a)-1(sser)-17(tions)-422(o)3(f)-422(p)-4(ot)9(ential)-6(ly)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(\223ent)9(er)-11(pr)-11(ise-thr)12(eat)9(ening\224)-402(liabilit)-13(y)-399(e)6(xposur)12(e)-398(a)-1(r)12(e)-398(not)-399(c)12(onsist)9(ent)-400(w)-17(ith)-398(the)]TJ
T*
[(liabilit)-13(y)-364(standar)12(ds)-364(under)-365(the)-364(la)20(ws)-362(of)-365(the)-364(se)-8(v)15(en)-363(M)28(e)2(mber)-363(Stat)9(es)-363(c)12(o)10(v)15(e)2(r)12(e)-3(d)]TJ
0.0025 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(in)-415(this)-416(book.)-414(T)-2(h)6(u)1(s)-415(far)57(,)-415(facilit)-12(y)-415(o)5(p)-5(e)3(r)-8(at)11(o)4(rs)-416(and)-415(secur)-10(it)-12(y)-417(\036r)-6(ms)-416(ha)17(v)16(e)-414(n)1(ot)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(been)-363(held)-364(liable)-362(for)-364(damage)-364(caused)-364(b)10(y)-363(t)9(er)-11(r)15(o)3(r)-11(ist)-366(attac)5(ks)-365(in)-364(E)21(ur)15(o)5(p)-5(e.)-365(N)27(o)]TJ
0.0018 Tc T*
[(urgent)-225(EU)-224(measur)12(es)-225(ar)12(e)-224(ther)12(e)1(for)12(e)-224(nec)10(e)-1(ssar)-27(y)61(.)-225(I)9(n)-224(lig)-12(ht)-225(o)3(f)-224(the)-224(c)12(o)3(mple)6(xit)-13(y)-224(of)]TJ
0.0024 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(national)-147(ci)10(v)-15(il)-147(liabilit)-12(y)-147(r)12(e)-4(g)-10(imes,)-147(it)-147(ma)17(y)-147(b)-4(e)-147(helpful)-147(t)11(o)-147(launc)7(h)-147(initiati)10(v)16(es)-147(aimed)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(at)-236(enlig)-12(ht)9(e)3(ning)-240(the)-237(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-239(indust)-6(r)-27(y)61(,)-239(facilit)-13(y)-238(op)-5(er)-8(at)10(ors)-237(a)-1(nd,)-237(a)-1(s)-236(nec)10(essar)-27(y)61(,)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(insur)12(e)2(rs,)-165(M)28(ember)-165(Stat)9(e)-1(s)-165(a)-1(nd)-165(other)-165(stak)17(eholders)-165(about)-165(thir)12(d)-1(-par)-17(t)-13(y)-166(liabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.0023 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(e)6(xposur)12(e)-232(and)-232(wa)16(y)3(s)-232(t)11(o)-233(mitigat)10(e)-233(liabilit)-12(y)-233(for)-232(t)10(er)-10(r)15(o)3(r)-10(ism-r)12(elat)10(ed)-235(r)-10(isk.)]TJ
0.0015 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(Althoug)-12(h)-251(secur)-11(i)-1(t)-13(y)-251(\036r)-7(ms)-250(and)-249(h)-1(ig)-12(h-r)-11(isk)-250(facilit)-13(y)-251(op)-6(er)-9(at)10(ors)-250(i)-1(n)-249(E)20(ur)14(op)-6(e)-251(a)-1(r)11(e)]TJ
0.0019 Tc -1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(not)-269(e)6(xposed)-267(t)10(o)-269(pot)9(e)3(ntial)-6(l)3(y)-268(e)3(nt)9(er)-11(pr)-11(ise-thr)12(eat)9(ening)-272(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-269(for)-268(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ism-)]TJ
0.0022 Tc T*
[(r)12(e)-2(lat)10(e)-2(d)-288(r)-11(isk,)-289(under)-290(the)-289(la)21(ws)-286(o)3(f)-289(the)-288(M)28(e)3(mber)-288(Stat)10(es)-289(sur)-21(v)16(e)-9(y)11(ed)-287(in)-289(this)-289(book)]TJ
T*
[(the)-9(y)-351(c)13(ould)-351(b)-4(e)-351(held)-351(liable)-350(f)3(or)-352(damage)-351(caused)-351(b)11(y)-351(their)-352(neg)-14(ligent)-352(ac)-5(ts)-351(or)]TJ
0.0011 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(omissions)-228(or)-227(b)9(y)-226(defec)-6(t)-4(i)9(v)14(e)-226(p)2(r)14(o)-5(duc)-6(t)-1(s,)-228(including)-228(w)-7(her)11(e)-226(suc)6(h)-227(damage)-225(r)11(e)-2(sults)]TJ
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[(c)-23(o)-23(n)-22(c)-23(l)-22(u)-23(s)-22(i)-22(o)-23(n)-22(s)]TJ
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0.0024 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 57.608 581.6785 Tm
[(fr)15(om)-412(t)10(e)3(r)-10(r)15(or)-10(ist)-415(ac)-5(ts.)-412(I)10(n)-411(p)4(r)-10(inciple,)-412(s)4(ubjec)-5(t)-412(t)11(o)-413(legal)-410(p)4(r)15(o)11(v)-15(isions)-413(r)12(e)-4(gar)12(ding)]TJ
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[(mitigation)-146(and)-146(the)-146(lik)18(e,)-146(suc)7(h)-146(liabilit)-12(y)-146(is)-146(unlimit)10(ed)-146(and)-146(t)1(h)6(us)-146(c)13(ould)-146(bankr)-6(upt)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(a)-220(l)-1(iable)-219(e)2(ntit)-13(y)61(.)-221(F)15(ur)-17(ther)56(,)-221(neg)-15(l)-1(igenc)10(e)-220(and)-220(d)3(ut)-13(y)-222(o)3(f)-220(c)-1(ar)11(e)-220(a)-1(r)12(e)-220(\037e)6(xible)-218(a)-1(nd)-220(op)-6(en-)]TJ
0.0018 Tc T*
[(ended)-308(c)12(onc)10(epts)-308(that)-308(a)-1(r)12(e)-308(subjec)-6(t)-308(t)10(o)-308(int)9(er)-11(pr)12(etation)-310(a)-1(nd)-307(c)12(o)3(nst)-6(r)-7(uc)-6(tion)-310(in)-308(a)]TJ
0.0023 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(par)-16(t)-3(icular)-312(case)-312(b)11(y)-311(judges)-312(e)6(x-post)-311(fact)11(o)24(.)-313(I)11(t)-311(th)6(us)-312(is)-312(c)13(onc)11(ei)10(v)-1(able)-310(that)-312(these)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(c)13(o)3(nc)11(epts)-333(ar)12(e)-332(c)13(onst)-6(r)-6(ued)-334(in)-333(wa)16(ys)-332(that)-332(effecti)10(v)16(ely)-331(cr)12(eat)10(e)-332(st)-6(r)-11(ict)-334(liabilit)-12(y)-333(for)]TJ
0.0021 Tc T*
[(damages)-243(caused)-244(b)10(y)-244(t)9(er)-11(r)15(o)3(r)-11(ists,)-247(despit)9(e)-245(the)-245(fac)-5(t)-243(that,)-244(a)-1(s)-244(not)9(ed,)-245(w)6(e)-243(ha)16(v)15(e)-243(not)]TJ
0.0015 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(seen)-233(e)-8(v)-16(idenc)10(e)-233(of)-234(suc)6(h)-234(e)6(x)-1(t)9(e)2(nsi)10(v)15(e)-233(i)-1(nt)9(er)-11(pr)11(etations)-235(in)-234(national)-233(case)-233(la)20(w)43(.)]TJ
0.0018 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(E)30(v)15(en)-324(thoug)-12(h)-326(suc)6(h)-325(liabilit)-13(y)-324(e)6(xposur)12(e)-324(in)-324(theor)-27(y)-325(e)6(xists,)-325(it)-324(does)-323(not)-324(f)3(ol-)]TJ
-1.0185 -1.1866 Td
[(lo)15(w)-222(that)-222(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-223(should)-222(ther)12(efor)12(e)-223(b)-4(e)-221(l)-1(imit)9(ed.)-224(W)26(her)12(e)-222(liabilit)-13(y)-223(is)-222(l)-1(imit)9(ed)-223(or)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(e)-7(v)15(en)-330(eliminat)9(ed,)-332(the)-332(liabilit)-12(y)-332(syst)9(e)3(m)-332(is)-331(hinder)12(e)-2(d)-332(in)-332(a)-2(c)6(hie)-7(v)-16(ing)-331(its)-331(o)1(bjec-)]TJ
0.0023 Tc T*
[(ti)10(v)16(es,)-281(i.e.)-283(det)10(e)3(r)-10(r)12(enc)11(e,)-282(r)-10(isk)-283(al)-5(location)-280(and)-282(loss-spr)12(eading)-11(.)-284(A)7(n)-282(una)16(v)16(o)3(idable)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(c)12(o)3(nsequenc)11(e)-202(o)3(f)-201(l)-1(imiting)-202(the)-202(liabilit)-13(y)-201(o)3(f)-201(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-203(\036)-1(r)-7(ms)-201(a)-1(nd)-201(other)-201(o)5(p)-5(e)3(r)-8(a)-1(t)10(o)3(rs)]TJ
0.0024 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(is)-243(that)-242(their)-242(inc)11(enti)10(v)16(es)-243(t)11(o)-243(in)26(v)16(est)-242(in)-242(secur)-10(it)-12(y)-245(ma)17(y)-242(be)-241(r)12(e)-2(duc)11(e)-2(d,)-242(as)-243(a)-242(r)12(esult)-242(o)3(f)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(w)-6(hic)6(h)-305(the)-307(pr)12(e)-7(v)15(enti)10(v)15(e)-307(effec)-5(t)-306(of)-306(liabilit)-12(y)-306(w)10(ould)-306(be)-306(r)12(e)-2(duc)11(e)-2(d.)-307(This,)-307(in)-307(t)1(ur)-7(n,)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(mig)-12(ht)-223(mean)-221(an)-221(incr)12(eased)-221(r)-8(a)-1(t)9(e)-222(of)-221(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ist)-224(attacks)-221(o)3(r)-222(incr)12(eased)-221(mag)-11(nitude)]TJ
0 -1.1857 TD
[(of)-307(har)-7(m.)-308(I)9(n)-307(a)-2(ddition,)-309(under)-308(a)-307(l)-1(iabilit)-12(y)-307(limitation)-308(r)12(eg)-11(ime,)-308(secur)-11(it)-12(y)-309(\036)-1(r)-7(ms)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(and)-367(facilit)-12(y)-368(o)5(per)-8(a)-1(t)10(o)3(rs)-366(w)10(ould)-367(c)12(ont)-6(r)-8(act)-367(l)-1(ess)-366(insur)-8(anc)11(e)-368(or)-367(other)-366(\036)-1(nancial)]TJ
0.0023 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(guar)-8(ant)10(ees)-219(t)11(o)-219(c)13(o)11(v)16(er)-218(their)-219(liabilit)-12(y)62(.)-219(A)10(s)-219(a)-220(r)12(esult,)-219(r)12(elati)10(v)16(e)-218(p)3(r)-10(ic)11(es)-220(w)11(ould)-218(be)-218(t)11(o)-3(o)]TJ
0.0015 Tc T*
[(lo)14(w)-339(a)-1(nd)-339(o)10(v)15(er)24(-c)12(onsumption)-342(w)10(o)-1(uld)-339(e)2(nsue.)-339(F)-1(inal)-6(ly)61(,)-338(f)-1(r)14(o)3(m)-340(a)-339(dist)-6(r)-11(i)-1(butional)]TJ
0.0014 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(p)-6(e)2(rsp)-6(e)-3(c)-6(t)-4(i)9(v)15(e,)-271(the)-273(c)12(onsequenc)10(e)-274(of)-272(a)-272(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-273(limitation)-273(o)2(r)-273(e)5(x)22(c)4(lusion)-272(w)10(o)-1(uld)]TJ
0.0021 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(be)-381(that)-382(liabilit)-12(y\222)54(s)-382(loss-spr)12(eading)-383(func)-5(tion)-383(w)10(ould)-382(b)-4(e)-381(a)-1(ffec)-5(t)9(e)-2(d)-382(a)-1(nd)-382(some)]TJ
0.0015 Tc T*
[(losses)-267(w)10(ould)-267(lie)-268(w)-17(ith)-267(the)-268(v)-16(i)-1(c)-6(t)-4(ims)-267(of)-268(a)-268(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(i)-1(st)-270(attack)-268(\(unless)-267(s)-1(ome)-268(o)-1(ther)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(loss-spr)12(e)-1(ading)-278(mec)6(hanisms)-278(w)6(e)3(r)12(e)-276(established\).)-277(I)9(n)-276(shor)-17(t,)-278(the)-278(b)-4(ene\036ts)-276(of)-277(a)]TJ
0.0025 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(liabilit)-12(y)-163(limitation)-162(should)-163(be)-163(w)7(e)1(ig)-11(hed)-163(against)-162(the)-163(c)13(osts)-163(in)-162(t)10(e)3(r)-6(ms)-163(o)4(f)-163(r)12(educ)11(ed)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(pr)12(e)-8(v)15(ention)-234(inc)10(e)2(nti)10(v)15(es)-233(and)-233(the)-234(r)12(e)-3(lat)9(e)-3(d)-233(d)-1(ist)-6(r)-11(ibutional)-236(c)12(onsequenc)10(e)-1(s.)]TJ
0.0014 Tc 1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(The)-188(a)-1(nalysis)-188(pr)11(esent)9(e)-3(d)-189(i)-1(n)-189(this)-188(b)-5(ook)-187(a)-1(l)-6(l)-1(o)14(ws)-186(u)-1(s)-188(t)10(o)-189(c)12(onclude)-188(that)-188(a)-1(lthoug)-12(h)]TJ
0.0017 Tc -1.0185 -1.1857 Td
[(the)-161(c)-1(ase)-161(f)3(or)-160(a)-161(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-161(limitation)-160(is)-160(w)6(eak,)-160(c)-1(i)10(v)-16(il)-161(liabilit)-13(y)-161(f)3(or)-160(t)9(e)2(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)12(e)-3(lat)9(e)-3(d)]TJ
T*
[(r)-11(isk)-247(is)-247(an)-246(issue)-247(that)-246(r)12(e)-3(quir)12(es)-247(the)-246(a)-1(tt)9(ention)-248(of)-247(policy)-15(mak)17(e)2(rs,)-245(including)-247(the)]TJ
0 -1.1857 TD
[(EU)45(.)-310(A)10(s)-310(ther)12(e)-311(is)-310(no)-311(e)-8(v)-16(idenc)10(e)-310(of)-311(an)-309(imp)-6(ending)-312(liabilit)-13(y)-310(c)-1(r)-11(isis)-311(thr)12(eat)9(ening)]TJ
0.0019 Tc T*
[(the)-209(c)12(ontin)7(ued)-210(e)6(xist)9(enc)11(e)-209(of)-209(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-210(\036r)-7(ms)-209(and)-209(o)5(p)-5(e)3(r)-8(a)-1(t)10(o)3(rs)-209(of)-209(hig)-12(h-r)-11(isk)-210(facil-)]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(ities,)-328(policy)-15(mak)17(e)3(rs)-326(should)-329(tak)17(e)-327(time)-329(t)10(o)-329(analyse)-327(the)-329(issues,)-328(in)-329(par)-16(t)-3(icular)]TJ
0.0019 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(an)23(y)-320(malfunc)-5(tioning)-321(o)3(f)-321(the)-321(mar)-6(k)17(ets)-320(f)3(or)-320(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ism-r)12(e)-2(lat)9(e)-2(d)-323(insur)-8(anc)11(e)-322(and)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(public)-320(pr)14(ocur)12(ement)-322(o)3(f)-321(secur)-11(it)-13(y)-322(ser)-21(v)-16(ic)11(e)-1(s.)-320(P)41(olicy)-15(mak)17(e)3(rs)-319(mig)-12(ht)-322(anticipat)9(e)]TJ
0.0017 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(possible)-349(futur)12(e)-351(pr)14(oblems)-350(that)-351(c)12(o)-1(uld)-349(a)-1(r)-11(ise)-351(fr)14(om)-352(e)6(x)-1(pansi)10(v)15(e)-349(j)4(udicial)-351(c)12(on-)]TJ
T*
[(st)-6(r)-7(uc)-6(t)-4(ion)-366(o)3(f)-364(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-364(standar)12(d)-1(s)-364(a)-1(nd)-364(c)12(o)3(nsider)-364(guidanc)10(e)-365(o)3(n)-363(h)-1(o)15(w)-364(liabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.0025 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(r)-6(u)1(les,)-220(in)-220(par)-16(t)-3(icular)-220(neg)-14(ligenc)11(e,)-220(should)-220(be)-220(applied)-220(t)11(o)-221(cases)-220(in)26(v)17(ol)10(v)-15(ing)-220(dam-)]TJ
0.0015 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(age)-205(c)-1(aused)-206(b)10(y)-205(t)9(er)-11(r)14(o)3(r)-11(ist)-209(attacks.)-206(T)117(o)-206(pr)11(e)-8(v)15(ent)-205(s)3(uc)6(h)-207(p)3(r)14(oblems)-206(f)-1(r)14(o)3(m)-206(e)2(merg)-11(ing)-12(,)]TJ
0.0017 Tc T*
[(a)-171(C)8(ommission)-172(r)12(ec)12(ommendation)-172(o)3(r)-171(c)12(omm)6(unication,)-172(a)-1(long)-171(the)-171(l)-1(ines)-170(of)-170(the)]TJ
0 -1.1866 TD
[(r)12(e)-3(c)12(o)3(mmendation)-587(c)12(onc)10(e)3(r)-7(ning)-589(the)-587(limitation)-587(o)3(f)-587(the)-587(ci)10(v)-16(il)-587(l)-1(iabilit)-13(y)-587(of)]TJ
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0.0003 Tc 10.4608 0 0 10.4608 182.797 602.8015 Tm
[(c)-23(o)-23(n)-22(c)-23(l)-22(u)-23(s)-22(i)-22(o)-23(n)-22(s)]TJ
16.5163 0 Td
(337)Tj
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0.0019 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 57.472 581.6785 Tm
[(audit)10(o)3(rs,)]TJ
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0.002 Tc 10.7098 0 0 10.7098 102.067 581.6785 Tm
[(w)10(ould)-215(a)-1(pp)-5(ear)-215(t)10(o)-216(be)-216(an)-216(adequat)9(e)-217(inst)-6(r)-7(ument.)-219(P)42(ossible)-215(elements)]TJ
0.0018 Tc -4.1639 -1.1866 Td
[(of)-331(suc)6(h)-332(an)-330(inst)-6(r)-7(ument)-334(ar)12(e)-330(discussed)-332(in)-331(C)5(hapt)9(er)-331(11.)-330(I)9(n)-330(de)-8(v)15(e)-3(loping)-331(pol-)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(icy)-304(o)3(n)-304(this)-305(issue,)-305(the)-304(go)10(v)15(e)2(r)-7(nment)-306(should)-304(k)17(e)-3(ep)-302(in)-304(mind)-305(that)-304(its)-305(pr)-11(imar)-27(y)]TJ
0.0018 Tc T*
[(r)12(e)-1(sponsibilit)-13(y)-259(is)-257(t)10(o)-258(p)3(r)12(e)-8(v)15(e)3(nt)-257(t)9(e)3(r)-11(r)14(or)-11(ist)-261(attacks)-257(f)-1(r)14(o)3(m)-258(o)-4(c)10(cur)-11(r)-11(ing)-12(,)-259(a)-1(nd)-258(liabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.002 Tc 0 -1.1866 TD
[(for)-273(damage)-272(caused)-272(b)10(y)-272(s)3(uc)6(h)-273(a)-1(ttac)5(ks)-273(can)-272(c)12(o)3(nt)-6(r)-11(ibut)9(e)-275(t)10(o)-273(ac)11(c)12(o)3(mplishing)-273(this)]TJ
0.003 Tc 0 -1.1857 TD
[(objec)-4(t)-2(i)11(v)16(e.)]TJ
0 Tc 5.9277 0 0 5.9277 57.472 494.7385 Tm
(4)Tj
0.0018 Tc 8.4682 0 0 8.4682 64.645 491.6605 Tm
[(C)8(o)2(mmission)-161(R)23(e)-2(c)12(o)2(mmendation)-161(o)2(f)-161(5)-161(J)31(une)-161(2008)-161(c)12(o)2(nc)10(er)-7(ning)-161(the)-161(limitation)-161(o)2(f)-161(t)-1(he)-161(ci)10(v)-15(il)-161(liabilit)-13(y)]TJ
0.0016 Tc 0 -1.1765 TD
[(of)-295(statut)9(or)-27(y)-296(audit)9(ors)-297(and)-295(audit)-297(\036)-1(r)-8(ms)-296(\(noti\036ed)-295(under)-297(d)5(o)-4(cument)-295(n)7(umber)-297(C\(2008\))-296(2274\),)]TJ
0.0024 Tc T*
[(OJ)-233(L)-232(162/39.)]TJ
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