@article{ee2409b3b90d4c54ae6c93de0f0e7e1a,
title = "Workshops of the eighth international brain-computer interface meeting: BCIs: the next frontier",
abstract = "The Eighth International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting was held June 7-9, 2021 in a virtual format. The conference continued the BC Meeting series' interactive nature with 21 workshops covering the breadth of topics in BCI (also called brain-machine interface) research. Some workshops provided detailed examinations of methods, hardware, or processes. Others focused on BCI applications or user groups. Several workshops continued consensus building efforts designed to create BCI standards and improve comparisons between studies and the potential for meta-analysis and large multi-site clinical trials. Ethical and translational considerations were the primary topic for some workshops or an important secondary consideration for others. The range of BCI applications continues to expand, with more workshops focusing on approaches that can extend beyond the needs of those with physical impairments. This paper summarizes each workshop, provides background information and references for further study, summarizes discussions, and describes the resulting conclusion, challenges, or initiatives.",
keywords = "Brain-computer interface, brain-machine interface, neuroprosthetics, conference, FOCAL ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION, CONCENTRIC RING ELECTRODES, INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS, AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, CEREBRAL-PALSY, MOTOR IMAGERY, RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY, MACHINE INTERFACES, SPEECH SYNTHESIS",
author = "J.E. Huggins and D. Krusienski and M.J. Vansteensel and D. Valeriani and A. Thelen and S. Stavisky and J.J.S. Norton and A. Nijholt and G. Muller-Putz and N. Kosmyna and L. Korczowski and C. Kapeller and C. Herff and S. Halder and C. Guger and M. Grosse-Wentrup and R. Gaunt and A.N. Dusang and P. Clisson and R. Chavarriaga and C.W. Anderson and B. Allison and T. Aksenova and E. Aarnoutse",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Wellcome Foundation for support assisting student participation in the BCI Meeting. We also thank the Research Foundation Flanders for support of the Meeting. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of any funding agency that may have supported work presented at the BCI Meeting or in the individual workshops. Funding Information: The workshop The design of effective BCIs for children was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH (P41 EB018783), resources at the US Department of Veterans Affairs Stratton VA Medical Center, the New York State Spinal Cord Injury Board, the Alberta Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Foundation, and the Alberta Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI). Funding Information: The work presented in Biomimetic approaches to restore somatosensation was supported by the NIH (R01 NS095251, U01 NS098975, UH3NS107714, U01NS108922), the National Science Foundation (IOS 1150209), the Kimberley Clark Foundation, EU Grant FET 611687, the Swiss National Science Foundation National Competence Center in Research in Robotics, the Bertarelli Foundation, the T\&C Chen Brain–Machine Interface Center, the USC Neurorestoration Center, DARPA (NC66001-15-C-4041, N66001-16-C4501), and the US Department of Veterans Affairs (C3819C). Funding Information: This work was supported by the Alberta Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Research Institute [\#]; Bundesministerium f?r Bildung und Forschung [01GQ1602]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [NC66001-15-C-4041, N66001-16-C4501]; European Research Council [ERC-CoG-2015 681231]; Fondation Bertarelli [\#]; Horizon 2020 [841116]; IEEE Foundation [Brain Initiative and Standards Association Industry Connections Program]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P41 EB018783]; National Institutes of Health [UH3NS107714]; National Institutes of Health [U01NS108922]; National Institutes of Health [R01 NS095251]; National Institutes of Health [U01 NS098975]; National Science Foundation [IOS 1150209]; National Science Foundation [1650536 and PFI \# 1827769]; National Science Foundation [1608140/1902395/2011595]; U.S. Department of Defense [W911NF1810434]; New York State Spinal Cord Injury Board [\#]; Swiss National Science Foundation [\#]; EU Grant FET [611687]; Alberta Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Foundation [\#]; Confederation of Laboratories for Artificial Intelligence in Europe [\#]; Kimberley Clark Foundation [\#]; National Competence Center in Research in Robotics [\#]; u.s. department of veterans affairs [C3819C]; u.s. department of veterans affairs [\#]. Overall Acknowledgements The authors thank the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Wellcome Foundation for support assisting student participation in the BCI Meeting. We also thank the Research Foundation Flanders for support of the Meeting. Funding Information: The workshop From Speech Decoding to Speech was supported by NSF (1608140/1902395/2011595) and BMBF (01GQ1602) and as part of the NSF/NIH/BMBF Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience Program (CRCNS). Funding Information: The workshop Brain–computer interfaces for the assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness was supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 841116 (RS). Funding Information: The workshop On the need of good practices and standards for Benchmarking Brain-Machine Interfaces was supported by the IEEE Brain Initiative, the IEEE Standards Association Industry Connections Program, the Confederation of Laboratories for Artificial Intelligence in Europe (CLAIRE), and National Science Foundation Awards \#1650536 I/UCRC for Building Reliable Advances and Innovation in Neurotechnology (IUCRC BRAIN Center) and PFI \# 1827769. Funding Information: The workshop Toward the decoding of neural information for motor control: present and future approaches was partly supported by the European Research Council (ERC-CoG-2015 681231 {\textquoteleft}Feel Your Reach{\textquoteright}) Funding Information: The workshop Brain–Computer Interfaces for Human Enhancement was supported by the US DOD Bilateral Academic Research Initiative program (W911NF1810434). The funders had no role in workshop organization, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "3",
doi = "10.1080/2326263X.2021.2009654",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "69--101",
journal = "Brain-computer interfaces",
issn = "2326-263X",
publisher = "Routledge/Taylor \& Francis Group",
number = "2",
}