TY - GEN
T1 - Widths of Regular and Context-Free Languages
AU - Mestel, David
N1 - DBLP License: DBLP's bibliographic metadata records provided through http://dblp.org/ are distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Although the bibliographic metadata records are provided consistent with CC0 1.0 Dedication, the content described by the metadata records is not. Content may be subject to copyright, rights of privacy, rights of publicity and other restrictions.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Given a partially-ordered finite alphabet Σ and a language L ⊆ Σ∗, how large can an antichain in L be (where L is given the lexicographic ordering)? More precisely, since L will in general be infinite, we should ask about the rate of growth of maximum antichains consisting of words of length n. This fundamental property of partial orders is known as the width, and in a companion work [10] we show that the problem of computing the information leakage permitted by a deterministic interactive system modeled as a finite-state transducer can be reduced to the problem of computing the width of a certain regular language. In this paper, we show that if L is regular then there is a dichotomy between polynomial and exponential antichain growth. We give a polynomial-time algorithm to distinguish the two cases, and to compute the order of polynomial growth, with the language specified as an NFA. For context-free languages we show that there is a similar dichotomy, but now the problem of distinguishing the two cases is undecidable. Finally, we generalise the lexicographic order to tree languages, and show that for regular tree languages there is a trichotomy between polynomial, exponential and doubly exponential antichain growth.
AB - Given a partially-ordered finite alphabet Σ and a language L ⊆ Σ∗, how large can an antichain in L be (where L is given the lexicographic ordering)? More precisely, since L will in general be infinite, we should ask about the rate of growth of maximum antichains consisting of words of length n. This fundamental property of partial orders is known as the width, and in a companion work [10] we show that the problem of computing the information leakage permitted by a deterministic interactive system modeled as a finite-state transducer can be reduced to the problem of computing the width of a certain regular language. In this paper, we show that if L is regular then there is a dichotomy between polynomial and exponential antichain growth. We give a polynomial-time algorithm to distinguish the two cases, and to compute the order of polynomial growth, with the language specified as an NFA. For context-free languages we show that there is a similar dichotomy, but now the problem of distinguishing the two cases is undecidable. Finally, we generalise the lexicographic order to tree languages, and show that for regular tree languages there is a trichotomy between polynomial, exponential and doubly exponential antichain growth.
U2 - 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.49
DO - 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.49
M3 - Conference article in proceeding
VL - 150
SP - 49:1-49:14
BT - 39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019)
PB - Leibnitz Int. Proceedings in Informatics
ER -