TY - JOUR
T1 - Variability of urinary concentrations of non-persistent chemicals in pregnant women and school-aged children
AU - Casas, Maribel
AU - Basagana, Xavier
AU - Sakhi, Amrit K.
AU - Haug, Line S.
AU - Philippat, Claire
AU - Granum, Berit
AU - Manzano-Salgado, Cyntia B.
AU - Brochot, Celine
AU - Zeman, Florence
AU - de Bont, Jeroen
AU - Andrusaityte, Sandra
AU - Chatzi, Leda
AU - Donaire-Gonzalez, David
AU - Giorgis-Allemand, Lise
AU - Gonzalez, Juan R.
AU - Gracia-Lavedan, Esther
AU - Grazuleviciene, Regina
AU - Kampouri, Mariza
AU - Lyon-Caen, Sarah
AU - Panella, Pau
AU - Petraviciene, Inga
AU - Robinson, Oliver
AU - Urquiza, Jose
AU - Vafeiadi, Marina
AU - Vernet, Celine
AU - Waiblinger, Dagmar
AU - Wright, John
AU - Thomsen, Cathrine
AU - Slama, Remy
AU - Vrijheid, Martine
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - Background: Exposome studies are challenged by exposure misclassification for non-persistent chemicals, whose temporal variability contributes to bias in dose-response functions. Objectives: We evaluated the variability of urinary concentrations of 24 non-persistent chemicals: 10 phthalate metabolites, 7 phenols, 6 organophosphate (OP) pesticide metabolites, and cotinine, between weeks from different pregnancy trimesters in pregnant women, and between days and between seasons in children. Methods: 154 pregnant women and 152 children from six European countries were enrolled in 2014-2015. Pregnant women provided three urine samples over a day (morning, midday, and night), for one week in the 2nd and 3rd pregnancy trimesters. Children provided two urines a day (morning and night), over two one-week periods, six months apart. We pooled all samples for a given subject that were collected within a week. In children, we also made four daily pools (combining morning and night voids) during the last four days of the first follow-up week. Pools were analyzed for all 24 metabolites of interest. We calculated intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC) and estimated the number of pools needed to obtain an ICC above 0.80. Results: All phthalate metabolites and phenols were detected in > 90% of pools whereas certain OP pesticide metabolites and cotinine were detected in < 43% of pools. We observed fair (ICC = 0.40-0.59) to good (0.60-0.74) between-day reliability of the pools of two samples in children for all chemicals. Reliability was poor (< 0.40) to fair between trimesters in pregnant women and between seasons in children. For most chemicals, three daily pools of two urines each (for weekly exposure windows) and four weekly pools of 15-20 urines each would be necessary to obtain an ICC above 0.80. Conclusions: This quantification of the variability of biomarker measurements of many non-persistent chemicals during several time windows shows that for many of these compounds a few dozen samples are required to accurately assess exposure over periods encompassing several trimesters or months.
AB - Background: Exposome studies are challenged by exposure misclassification for non-persistent chemicals, whose temporal variability contributes to bias in dose-response functions. Objectives: We evaluated the variability of urinary concentrations of 24 non-persistent chemicals: 10 phthalate metabolites, 7 phenols, 6 organophosphate (OP) pesticide metabolites, and cotinine, between weeks from different pregnancy trimesters in pregnant women, and between days and between seasons in children. Methods: 154 pregnant women and 152 children from six European countries were enrolled in 2014-2015. Pregnant women provided three urine samples over a day (morning, midday, and night), for one week in the 2nd and 3rd pregnancy trimesters. Children provided two urines a day (morning and night), over two one-week periods, six months apart. We pooled all samples for a given subject that were collected within a week. In children, we also made four daily pools (combining morning and night voids) during the last four days of the first follow-up week. Pools were analyzed for all 24 metabolites of interest. We calculated intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC) and estimated the number of pools needed to obtain an ICC above 0.80. Results: All phthalate metabolites and phenols were detected in > 90% of pools whereas certain OP pesticide metabolites and cotinine were detected in < 43% of pools. We observed fair (ICC = 0.40-0.59) to good (0.60-0.74) between-day reliability of the pools of two samples in children for all chemicals. Reliability was poor (< 0.40) to fair between trimesters in pregnant women and between seasons in children. For most chemicals, three daily pools of two urines each (for weekly exposure windows) and four weekly pools of 15-20 urines each would be necessary to obtain an ICC above 0.80. Conclusions: This quantification of the variability of biomarker measurements of many non-persistent chemicals during several time windows shows that for many of these compounds a few dozen samples are required to accurately assess exposure over periods encompassing several trimesters or months.
KW - Phthalate metabolites
KW - Phenols
KW - Organophosphate pesticide metabolites
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Childhood
KW - Intraclass-correlation coefficient
KW - BISPHENOL-A CONCENTRATIONS
KW - ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE METABOLITES
KW - PHTHALATE METABOLITES
KW - TEMPORAL VARIABILITY
KW - ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOLS
KW - LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW - EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
KW - MASS-SPECTROMETRY
KW - BIOMARKER DATA
KW - GENERATION R
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.046
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.046
M3 - Article
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 121
SP - 561
EP - 573
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
IS - Part 1
ER -