Value of Information and Implementation

VOI analyses assume that information has value as it can avoid the potential opportunity loss due to implementing a sub-optimal treatment that would be considered optimal based on current evidence. This means that assumptions about implementation are inherent to VOI analyses, with the standard EVPI, EVPPI and EVSI analyses assuming perfect and immediate implementation following the conclusion of the study. To address this unrealistic assumption, methods have been developed to consider the value of implementation alongside VOI. This chapter presents these key measures and discusses the interplay between the value of information and implementation. We provide a taxonomy to clarify when these key measures are calculating the value of reducing parameter uncertainty through research and how this can be efficiently computed in practice. Finally, this chapter concludes with some recommendations about how these value of implementation measures can be used in practice to support research prioritisation.