Use of artificial intelligence to support quality of life of people with dementia: A scoping review

Background: Dementia has an impact on the quality of life (QoL) of people with dementia. Tailored services are crucial for improving their QoL. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) offer opportunities for personalised care, potentially delaying institutionalisation and enhancing QoL. However, AI's specific role in approaches to support QoL for people with dementia remains unclear. This scoping review aims to synthesise the scientific evidence and grey literature on how AI can support the QoL of people with dementia. Method: Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar in January 2024. Studies on AI, QoL (using Lawton's four-domain QoL definition), and people with dementia across various care settings were included. Two reviewers conducted a two-stage screening, and a narrative synthesis identified common themes arising from the individual studies to address the research question. Results: The search yielded 5.467 studies, after screening, thirty studies were included. Three AI categories were identified: monitoring systems, social robots, and AI approaches for performing activities of daily living. Most studies were feasibility studies, with little active involvement of people with dementia during the research process. Most AI-based approaches were monitoring systems targeting Lawton's behavioural competence (capacity for independent functioning) domain. Conclusion: This review highlights that AI applications for enhancing QoL in people with dementia are still in early development, with research largely limited to small-scale feasibility studies rather than demonstrating clinical effectiveness. While AI holds promise, further exploration and rigorous real-world validation are needed before AI can meaningfully impact the daily lives of people with dementia.