TY - JOUR
T1 - Tuning Cell Behavior on 3D Scaffolds Fabricated by Atmospheric Plasma-Assisted Additive Manufacturing
AU - Camara-Torres, Maria
AU - Sinha, Ravi
AU - Scopece, Paolo
AU - Neubert, Thomas
AU - Lachmann, Kristina
AU - Patelli, Alessandro
AU - Mota, Carlos
AU - Moroni, Lorenzo
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to the FAST project funded under the H2020- NMP-PILOTS-2015 scheme (GA no. 685825)
Funding Information:
We are grateful to the FAST project funded under the H2020-NMP-PILOTS-2015 scheme (GA no. 685825) for financial support. Some of the materials used in this work were provided by the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White through a grant from NCRR of the NIH (Grant #P40RR017447).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
PY - 2021/1/27
Y1 - 2021/1/27
N2 - Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with optimum physicochemical properties are able to elicit specific cellular behaviors and guide tissue formation. However, cell-material interactions are limited in scaffolds fabricated by melt extrusion additive manufacturing (ME-AM) of synthetic polymers, and plasma treatment can be used to render the surface of the scaffolds more cell adhesive. In this study, a hybrid AM technology, which combines a ME-AM technique with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, was employed to fabricate and plasma treat scaffolds in a single process. The organosilane monomer (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and a mixture of maleic anhydride and vinyltrimethoxysilane (MA-VTMOS) were used for the first time to plasma treat 3D scaffolds. APTMS treatment deposited plasma- polymerized films containing positively charged amine functional groups, while MA-VTMOS introduced negatively charged carboxyl groups on the 3D scaffolds' surface. Argon plasma activation was used as a control. All plasma treatments increased the surface wettability and protein adsorption to the surface of the scaffolds and improved cell distribution and proliferation. Notably, APTMS-treated scaffolds also allowed cell attachment by electrostatic interactions in the absence of serum. Interestingly, cell attachment and proliferation were not significantly affected by plasma treatment-induced aging. Also, while no significant differences were observed between plasma treatments in terms of gene expression, human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could undergo osteogenic differentiation on aged scaffolds. This is probably because osteogenic differentiation is rather dependent on initial cell confluency and surface chemistry might play a secondary role.
AB - Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with optimum physicochemical properties are able to elicit specific cellular behaviors and guide tissue formation. However, cell-material interactions are limited in scaffolds fabricated by melt extrusion additive manufacturing (ME-AM) of synthetic polymers, and plasma treatment can be used to render the surface of the scaffolds more cell adhesive. In this study, a hybrid AM technology, which combines a ME-AM technique with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, was employed to fabricate and plasma treat scaffolds in a single process. The organosilane monomer (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and a mixture of maleic anhydride and vinyltrimethoxysilane (MA-VTMOS) were used for the first time to plasma treat 3D scaffolds. APTMS treatment deposited plasma- polymerized films containing positively charged amine functional groups, while MA-VTMOS introduced negatively charged carboxyl groups on the 3D scaffolds' surface. Argon plasma activation was used as a control. All plasma treatments increased the surface wettability and protein adsorption to the surface of the scaffolds and improved cell distribution and proliferation. Notably, APTMS-treated scaffolds also allowed cell attachment by electrostatic interactions in the absence of serum. Interestingly, cell attachment and proliferation were not significantly affected by plasma treatment-induced aging. Also, while no significant differences were observed between plasma treatments in terms of gene expression, human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could undergo osteogenic differentiation on aged scaffolds. This is probably because osteogenic differentiation is rather dependent on initial cell confluency and surface chemistry might play a secondary role.
KW - 3D scaffolds
KW - melt extrusion additive manufacturing
KW - atmospheric pressure plasma jet
KW - plasma functionalization
KW - human mesenchymal stromal cells
KW - cell adhesion
KW - osteogenesis
U2 - 10.1021/acsami.0c19687
DO - 10.1021/acsami.0c19687
M3 - Article
C2 - 33448783
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 13
SP - 3631
EP - 3644
JO - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
IS - 3
ER -