Trends in Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Cardiovascular Diseases

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a pivotal analytical technique that enhances cardiovascular disease (CVD) research by enabling the visualization of biomolecule distribution on tissue samples with high spatial resolution. Unlike traditional bulk omics methods, MSI maintains spatial heterogeneity, allowing for a nuanced understanding of molecular changes associated with CVD progression. This chapter outlines the foundational principles of MSI, which involves the specific ionization and mapping of biomolecules while highlighting its applications in studying proteins, lipids, and metabolites. The evolution of MSI since the advent of techniques like matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has significantly advanced its utility in biomedical research. The integration of MSI into CVD research not only bolsters biomarker discovery but also sheds light on underlying disease mechanisms, offering the potential for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Challenges related to data complexity and integration into clinical practice are also discussed, emphasizing the transformative potential of MSI in understanding CVD pathology.