TY - JOUR
T1 - Translational considerations for the design of untethered nanomaterials in human neural stimulation
AU - Dominguez-Paredes, D.
AU - Jahanshahi, A.
AU - Kozielski, K.L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ( NWO ) VIDI research grant, and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) and the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Neural stimulation is a powerful tool to study brain physiology and an effective treatment for many neurological disorders. Conventional interfaces use electrodes implanted in the brain. As these are often invasive and have limited spatial targeting, they carry a potential risk of side-effects. Smaller neural devices may overcome these obstacles, and as such, the field of nanoscale and remotely powered neural stimulation devices is growing. This review will report on current untethered, injectable nanomaterial technologies intended for neural stimulation, with a focus on material-tissue interface engineering. We will review nanomaterials capable of wireless neural stimulation, and discuss their stimulation mechanisms. Taking cues from more established nanomaterial fields (e.g., cancer theranostics, drug delivery), we will then discuss methods to modify material interfaces with passive and bioactive coatings. We will discuss methods of delivery to a desired brain region, particularly in the context of how delivery and localization are affected by surface modification. We will also consider each of these aspects of nanoscale neurostimulators with a focus on their prospects for translation to clinical use. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
AB - Neural stimulation is a powerful tool to study brain physiology and an effective treatment for many neurological disorders. Conventional interfaces use electrodes implanted in the brain. As these are often invasive and have limited spatial targeting, they carry a potential risk of side-effects. Smaller neural devices may overcome these obstacles, and as such, the field of nanoscale and remotely powered neural stimulation devices is growing. This review will report on current untethered, injectable nanomaterial technologies intended for neural stimulation, with a focus on material-tissue interface engineering. We will review nanomaterials capable of wireless neural stimulation, and discuss their stimulation mechanisms. Taking cues from more established nanomaterial fields (e.g., cancer theranostics, drug delivery), we will then discuss methods to modify material interfaces with passive and bioactive coatings. We will discuss methods of delivery to a desired brain region, particularly in the context of how delivery and localization are affected by surface modification. We will also consider each of these aspects of nanoscale neurostimulators with a focus on their prospects for translation to clinical use. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Neural stimulation
KW - Surface modification
KW - Clinical translation
KW - IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
KW - DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION
KW - TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
KW - MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES
KW - BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES
KW - CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW - GOLD NANORODS
KW - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES
KW - COLLOIDAL STABILITY
KW - LIVING CELLS
U2 - 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.001
DO - 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 34375694
SN - 1935-861X
VL - 14
SP - 1285
EP - 1297
JO - Brain stimulation
JF - Brain stimulation
IS - 5
ER -