To Uncertainty and Beyond: Identifying the Capabilities Needed by Hospitals to Function in Dynamic Environments

Hospitals operate in increasingly complex and dynamically uncertain environments. To understand how hospital organizations
can cope with such profound uncertainty, this article presents a multiple case study of five hospitals during the COVID-19
crisis in a heavily hit region of the Netherlands. We find that hospitals make adaptations in five key categories, namely:
reorganization, decision-making, human resources, material resources, and planning. These adaptations offer insights into
the core capabilities needed by hospitals to cope with dynamic uncertainty. Our findings highlight the need for hospitals to
become more flexible without sacrificing efficiency. Organizations can accomplish this by building in more sensing and seizing
capabilities to be better prepared for and respond to environmental change. Furthermore, transforming capabilities allow
organizations to be more resilient and responsive in the face of ongoing uncertainty. We make recommendations on how
hospitals can build these capabilities and address the core challenges they face in this pursuit.