Titanium dioxide levels in food and other ingested consumer products: a systematic review

Sophie Van Den Neucker; Heidi  Demaegdt; Roberto  Cerina; Jan Mast; Alexander Grigoriev; Sofie De Broe; Karlien Cheyns

doi:10.1016/j.focha.2025.100918

Titanium dioxide levels in food and other ingested consumer products: a systematic review

Sophie Van Den Neucker^*, Heidi Demaegdt, Roberto Cerina, Jan Mast , Alexander Grigoriev, Sofie De Broe, Karlien Cheyns

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Highlights
• Titanium dioxide is present in a variety of food, medicine and personal care products.
• It is often found in confectionery and fine bakery products.
• A total of 674 individual product concentrations were collected.
• The concentrations range from <1 to 51,000 mg/kg.
• The presence of natural titanium is negligible in most foods.

Graphical abstract is available on https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000346

Original language	English
Article number	100918
Number of pages	7
Journal	Food Chemistry Advances
Volume	6
Early online date	4 Feb 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.100918
Publication status	Published - Mar 2025

JEL classifications

i10 - Health: General

Keywords

Titanium dioxide
food
concentration
consumer products

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10.1016/j.focha.2025.100918Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

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title = "Titanium dioxide levels in food and other ingested consumer products: a systematic review",

abstract = "Highlights• Titanium dioxide is present in a variety of food, medicine and personal care products.• It is often found in confectionery and fine bakery products.• A total of 674 individual product concentrations were collected.• The concentrations range from <1 to 51,000 mg/kg.• The presence of natural titanium is negligible in most foods.Graphical abstract is available on https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000346",

keywords = "Titanium dioxide, food, concentration, consumer products",

author = "{Van Den Neucker}, Sophie and Heidi Demaegdt and Roberto Cerina and Jan Mast and Alexander Grigoriev and {De Broe}, Sofie and Karlien Cheyns",

note = "data source: The owner of the dataset is Sciensano, Belgium",

year = "2025",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.focha.2025.100918",

language = "English",

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T1 - Titanium dioxide levels in food and other ingested consumer products: a systematic review

AU - Van Den Neucker, Sophie

AU - Demaegdt, Heidi

AU - Cerina, Roberto

AU - Mast , Jan

AU - Grigoriev, Alexander

AU - De Broe, Sofie

AU - Cheyns , Karlien

N1 - data source: The owner of the dataset is Sciensano, Belgium

PY - 2025/3

Y1 - 2025/3

N2 - Highlights• Titanium dioxide is present in a variety of food, medicine and personal care products.• It is often found in confectionery and fine bakery products.• A total of 674 individual product concentrations were collected.• The concentrations range from <1 to 51,000 mg/kg.• The presence of natural titanium is negligible in most foods.Graphical abstract is available on https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000346

AB - Highlights• Titanium dioxide is present in a variety of food, medicine and personal care products.• It is often found in confectionery and fine bakery products.• A total of 674 individual product concentrations were collected.• The concentrations range from <1 to 51,000 mg/kg.• The presence of natural titanium is negligible in most foods.Graphical abstract is available on https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000346

KW - Titanium dioxide

KW - food

KW - concentration

KW - consumer products

U2 - 10.1016/j.focha.2025.100918

DO - 10.1016/j.focha.2025.100918

M3 - Article

SN - 2772-753X

VL - 6

JO - Food Chemistry Advances

JF - Food Chemistry Advances

M1 - 100918

ER -

Titanium dioxide levels in food and other ingested consumer products: a systematic review

Abstract

JEL classifications

Keywords

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