TY - JOUR
T1 - The societal costs of multiple sclerosis in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study
AU - Dahham, J.
AU - Hiligsmann, M.
AU - Kremer, I.
AU - Khoury, S.J.
AU - Darwish, H.
AU - Hosseini, H.
AU - Evers, S.
AU - Rizk, R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB). The primary investigator of this research has received funding to cover the expenses of field research that consisted of data collection from Multiple Sclerosis patients from December 2020 to August 2021. The authors are grateful to Mrs. Lina Abdul Latif-Malaeb, Clinical Research Manager at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, for her support in collecting data from MS patients related to health resources consumption. A draft of the work/data was presented as an abstract at the 14th Lowlands Health Economic Study Group (LolaHESG) held in Maastricht, in May 2022.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2023/4/21
Y1 - 2023/4/21
N2 - IntroductionThis study assessed the societal costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Lebanon, categorized by disease severity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, prevalence-based, bottom-up study using a face-to-face questionnaire. Patients were stratified by disease severity using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS); EDSS scores of 0-3, 4-6.5, and 7-9 indicating respectively mild, moderate, and severe MS. All direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs related to reduced productivity were accounted for regardless of who bore them. Costs, collected from various sources, were presented in international US dollars (US$) using the purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion rate.ResultsWe included 210 Lebanese patients (mean age: 43.3 years; 65.7% females). The total annual costs per patient were PPP US$ 33,117 for 2021, 12.4 times higher than the nominal GDP per capita. Direct costs represented 52% (US$ 17,185), direct nonmedical costs 8% (US$ 2,722), and indirect costs 40% (US$ 13, 211) of the mean annual costs. The total annual costs per patient increased with disease severity and were PPP US$ 29,979, PPP US$ 36,125, PPP US$ 39,136 for mild, moderate, and severe MS, respectively.ConclusionThis study reveals the huge economic burden of MS on the Lebanese healthcare system and society.
AB - IntroductionThis study assessed the societal costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Lebanon, categorized by disease severity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, prevalence-based, bottom-up study using a face-to-face questionnaire. Patients were stratified by disease severity using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS); EDSS scores of 0-3, 4-6.5, and 7-9 indicating respectively mild, moderate, and severe MS. All direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs related to reduced productivity were accounted for regardless of who bore them. Costs, collected from various sources, were presented in international US dollars (US$) using the purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion rate.ResultsWe included 210 Lebanese patients (mean age: 43.3 years; 65.7% females). The total annual costs per patient were PPP US$ 33,117 for 2021, 12.4 times higher than the nominal GDP per capita. Direct costs represented 52% (US$ 17,185), direct nonmedical costs 8% (US$ 2,722), and indirect costs 40% (US$ 13, 211) of the mean annual costs. The total annual costs per patient increased with disease severity and were PPP US$ 29,979, PPP US$ 36,125, PPP US$ 39,136 for mild, moderate, and severe MS, respectively.ConclusionThis study reveals the huge economic burden of MS on the Lebanese healthcare system and society.
KW - BURDEN
KW - CARE
KW - DIAGNOSIS
KW - ILLNESS
KW - INSIGHTS
KW - Lebanon
KW - cost-of-illness
KW - economic burden
KW - healthcare consumption
KW - multiple sclerosis
KW - productivity losses
KW - Productivity losses
KW - Multiple sclerosis
KW - Healthcare consumption
KW - Economic burden
KW - Cost-of-illness
U2 - 10.1080/14737167.2023.2184802
DO - 10.1080/14737167.2023.2184802
M3 - Article
C2 - 36820619
SN - 1473-7167
VL - 23
SP - 419
EP - 430
JO - Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research
JF - Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research
IS - 4
ER -