The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes

Anne Raben*, Pia Siig Vestentoft, Jennie Brand-Miller, Elli Jalo, Mathjis Drummen, Liz Simpson, J. Alfredo Martinez, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Gareth Stratton, Maija Huttunen-Lenz, Tony Lam, Jouko Sundvall, Roslyn Muirhead, Sally Poppitt, Christian Ritz, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga, Moira A. Taylor, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Svetoslav HandjievMelitta A. McNarry, Sylvia Hansen, Laura Raman, Shannon Brodie, Marta P. Silvestre, Tanja C. Adam, Ian A. Macdonald, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, Nadka Boyadjieva, Kelly A. Mackintosh, Wolfgang Schlicht, Amy Liu, Thomas M. Larsen, Mikael Fogelholm

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Aim To compare the impact of two long-term weight-maintenance diets, a high protein (HP) and low glycaemic index (GI) diet versus a moderate protein (MP) and moderate GI diet, combined with either high intensity (HI) or moderate intensity physical activity (PA), on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after rapid weight loss.

Materials and Methods A 3-year multicentre randomized trial in eight countries using a 2 x 2 diet-by-PA factorial design was conducted. Eight-week weight reduction was followed by a 3-year randomized weight-maintenance phase. In total, 2326 adults (age 25-70 years, body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2)) with prediabetes were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 3-year incidence of T2D analysed by diet treatment. Secondary outcomes included glucose, insulin, HbA1c and body weight.

Results The total number of T2D cases was 62 and the cumulative incidence rate was 3.1%, with no significant differences between the two diets, PA or their combination. T2D incidence was similar across intervention centres, irrespective of attrition. Significantly fewer participants achieved normoglycaemia in the HP compared with the MP group (P <.0001). At 3 years, normoglycaemia was lowest in HP-HI (11.9%) compared with the other three groups (20.0%-21.0%, P <.05). There were no group differences in body weight change (-11% after 8-week weight reduction; -5% after 3-year weight maintenance) or in other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions Three-year incidence of T2D was much lower than predicted and did not differ between diets, PA or their combination. Maintaining the target intakes of protein and GI over 3 years was difficult, but the overall protocol combining weight loss, healthy eating and PA was successful in markedly reducing the risk of T2D. This is an important clinically relevant outcome.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)324-337
Number of pages14
JournalDiabetes Obesity & Metabolism
Volume23
Issue number2
Early online date3 Nov 2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2021

Keywords

  • behaviour change
  • carbohydrate
  • dietary intervention
  • exercise intervention
  • glycaemic control
  • obesity
  • LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION
  • BETA-CELL FUNCTION
  • BODY-WEIGHT LOSS
  • DIETARY-PROTEIN
  • URINE NITROGEN
  • GLUCOSE
  • RISK
  • EXERCISE
  • PEOPLE
  • EUROPE

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