The neuroscience of dissociative amnesia and repressed memory: Premature conclusions and unanswered questions

Henry Otgaar*, Mark L. Howe, Lawrence Patihis, Ivan Mangiulli, Olivier Dodier, Rafaele Huntjens, Elisa Krackow, Marko Jelicic, Steven Jay Lynn

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalEditorialAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

PurposeA heated debate exists on whether traumatic memories can be dissociated or repressed. One way in which researchers have attempted to prove the existence of dissociative amnesia or repressed memory is to examine whether claims of amnesia for traumatic events are associated with specific neural markers. MethodsHere, we will argue that such neuroscientific examinations do not tell us whether traumatic memories can be unconsciously repressed or dissociated from consciousness, respectively. ResultsWe discuss neuroscientific studies on dissociative amnesia and repressed memory and show that there are no reliable biological markers for dissociative amnesia and that the alleged involved brain areas are heterogenous among studies. Furthermore, we will demonstrate that it is unclear whether these studies truly involved patients with dissociative amnesia and that alternative explanations of dissociative amnesia were often not ruled out (e.g. malingering, organic amnesia). Moreover, we will make the case that the discussed patients in the studies do not meet the DSM-5 criteria for dissociative amnesia. ConclusionsTaken together, neuroscientific research into dissociative amnesia does not present a convincing case for a biological basis of the purported memory loss.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)29-46
Number of pages25
JournalLegal and Criminological Psychology
Volume30
Issue numberS1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2025

Keywords

  • dissociative amnesia
  • memory wars
  • neuroscience
  • repressed memory
  • PSYCHOGENIC AMNESIA
  • RETROGRADE-AMNESIA
  • EPISODIC MEMORY
  • MECHANISMS
  • RETRIEVAL
  • TRAUMA
  • SUPPRESSION
  • SURVIVORS
  • STRESS
  • MRI

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