The lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in Eastern European countries are associated with delayed start of community circulation

Alban Ylli*, Yan Yan Wu, Genc Burazeri, Catherine Pirkle, Tetine Sentell

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Background The purpose of this analysis was to assess the variations in COVID-19 related mortality in relation to the time differences in the commencement of virus circulation and containment measures in the European Region. Methods The data for the current analysis (N = 50 countries) were retrieved from the John Hopkins University dataset on the 7 th of May 2020, with countries as study units. A piecewise regression analysis was conducted with mortality and cumulative incidence rates introduced as dependent variables and time interval (days from the 22 nd of January to the date when 100 first cases were reported) as the main predictor. The country average life expectancy at birth and outpatient contacts per person per year were statistically adjusted for in the regression model. Results Mortality and incidence were strongly and inversely intercorrelated with days from January 22, respectively -0.83 (p<0.001) and -0.73 (p<0.001). Adjusting for average life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year, between days 33 to 50 from the 22 nd of the January, the average mortality rate decreased by 30.1/million per day (95% CI: 22.7, 37.6, p<0.001). During interval 51 to 73 days, the change in mortality was no longer statistically significant but still showed a decreasing trend. A similar relationship with time interval was found for incidence. Life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year were not associated with mortality rate. Conclusion Countries in Europe that had the earliest COVID-19 circulation suffered the worst consequences in terms of health outcomes, specifically mortality. The drastic social isolation measures, quickly undertaken in response to those initial outbreaks appear effective, especially in Eastern European countries, where community circulation started after March 11 th. The study demonstrates that efforts to delay the early spread of the virus may have saved an average 30 deaths daily per one million inhabitants.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere0243411
Number of pages11
JournalPLOS ONE
Volume15
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Dec 2020

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