Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent evidence demonstrates that the gut-microbiota can be considered as one of the major factors causing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Pattern recognition receptors as well as antimicrobial peptides are a key factor in controlling the intestinal microbiota composition. Deficiencies in these genes lead to changes in the composition of the gut-microbiota, causing leakage of endotoxins into the circulation, and the development of low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Dietary composition can also affect the microbiota: a diet rich in saturated fats allows the expansion of pathobionts that damage the intestinal epithelial cell layer and compromise its barrier function. In contrast, a diet high in fiber supports the microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids, thereby promoting energy expenditure and protecting against inflammation and insulin resistance. SUMMARY: The interactions between the microbiota, innate immunity, and diet play an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis. A properly functioning innate immune system, combined with a low-fat and high-fiber diet, is important in preventing dysbiosis and reducing the susceptibility to developing the metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 73-81 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Current Opinion in Lipidology |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Apr 2015 |
Keywords
- endotoxemia
- innate immunity
- metabolic syndrome
- microbiota
- short-chain fatty acids
- CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS
- GUT MICROBIOTA
- INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
- INSULIN SENSITIVITY
- RECEPTOR
- MICE
- PROMOTES
- MUCOSAL
- DYSBIOSIS
- OBESITY