TY - JOUR
T1 - The Habenula In Parkinson's Disease
T2 - Anatomy, Function, And Implications For Mood Disorders - A Narrative Review
AU - Samanci, Bedia
AU - Tan, Sonny
AU - Michielse, Stijn
AU - Kuijf, Mark L
AU - Temel, Yasin
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - Parkinson's disease (PD), a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, often coexists with mood disorders. Degeneration of serotonergic neurons in brainstem raphe nuclei have been linked to depression and anxiety. Additionally, the locus coeruleus and its noradrenergic neurons are among the first areas to degenerate in PD and contribute to stress, emotional memory, motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Another brain region of interest is habenula, which is especially related to anti-reward processing, and its function has recently been linked to PD and to mood-related symptoms. There are several neuroimaging studies that investigated role of the habenula in mood disorders. Differences in habenular size and hemispheric symmetry were found in healthy controls compared to individuals with mood disorders. The lateral habenula, as a link between the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, is thought to contribute to depressive symptoms in PD. However, there is only one imaging study about role of habenula in mood disorders in PD, although the relationship between PD and mood disorders is known. There is little known about habenula pathology in PD but given these observations, the question arises whether habenular dysfunction could play a role in PD and the development of PD-related mood disorders. In this review, we evaluate neuroimaging techniques and studies that investigated the habenula in the context of PD and mood disorders. Future studies are important to understand habenula's role in PD patients with mood disorders. Thus, new potential diagnostic and treatment opportunities would be found for mood disorders in PD.
AB - Parkinson's disease (PD), a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, often coexists with mood disorders. Degeneration of serotonergic neurons in brainstem raphe nuclei have been linked to depression and anxiety. Additionally, the locus coeruleus and its noradrenergic neurons are among the first areas to degenerate in PD and contribute to stress, emotional memory, motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Another brain region of interest is habenula, which is especially related to anti-reward processing, and its function has recently been linked to PD and to mood-related symptoms. There are several neuroimaging studies that investigated role of the habenula in mood disorders. Differences in habenular size and hemispheric symmetry were found in healthy controls compared to individuals with mood disorders. The lateral habenula, as a link between the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, is thought to contribute to depressive symptoms in PD. However, there is only one imaging study about role of habenula in mood disorders in PD, although the relationship between PD and mood disorders is known. There is little known about habenula pathology in PD but given these observations, the question arises whether habenular dysfunction could play a role in PD and the development of PD-related mood disorders. In this review, we evaluate neuroimaging techniques and studies that investigated the habenula in the context of PD and mood disorders. Future studies are important to understand habenula's role in PD patients with mood disorders. Thus, new potential diagnostic and treatment opportunities would be found for mood disorders in PD.
KW - Habenula
KW - Parkinson’s disease
KW - mood disorders
KW - neuroimaging
U2 - 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102392
DO - 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102392
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
SN - 0891-0618
VL - 136
JO - Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
JF - Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
M1 - 102392
ER -