@article{1dfc5ad409174f3e92bb3cc6c2d98bb7,
title = "The faecal scent of inflammatory bowel disease: Detection and monitoring based on volatile organic compound analysis",
abstract = "Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is diagnosed and monitored using endoscopic assessment, which is invasive and costly. In this study, potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis for IBD detection and identification of disease activity was evaluated.IBD patients visiting outpatient clinics of participating tertiary hospitals were included. Active disease was defined as FCP ≥250 mg/g, remission as FCP <100 mg/g with Harvey Bradshaw Index <4 for Crohn's disease (CD) or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index <3 for ulcerative colitis (UC). Healthy controls (HC) were patients without mucosal abnormalities during colonoscopy. Faecal samples were measured using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry.A total of 280 IBD patients collected 107 CDa, 84 CDr, 80 UCa and 63 UCr samples. Additionally, 227 HC provided one faecal sample. UC and CD were discriminated from HC with high accuracy (AUC (95%CI): UCa vs HC 0.96(0.94-0.99); UCr vs HC 0.95(0.93-0.98); CDa vs HC 0.96(0.94-0.99); CDr vs HC 0.95(0.93-0.98)). There were small differences between UC and CD (0.55(0.50-0.6)) and no differences between active disease and remission (UCa vs UCr 0.63(0.44-0.82); CDa vs CDr 0.52(0.39-0.65)).Our study outcomes imply that faecal VOC analysis holds potential for identifying biomarkers for IBD detection but not for monitoring disease activity.Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. All rights reserved.",
keywords = "crohns-disease, diagnosis, microbiota, ulcerative-colitis, DIAGNOSIS, CROHNS-DISEASE, ULCERATIVE-COLITIS, MICROBIOTA",
author = "S. Bosch and D.S.J. Wintjens and A. Wicaksono and J. Kuijvenhoven and {van der Hulst}, R. and P. Stokkers and E. Daulton and M.J. Pierik and J.A. Covington and {de Meij}, T.G.J. and {de Boer}, N.K.H.",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. Shri Pathmakanthan for his comments that greatly improved the manuscript. S Bosch has nothing to declare. D Wintjens has nothing to declare. A Wicaksono has nothing to declare. J Kuijvenhoven ? has served as a consultant for Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Ren? van der Hulst ? has nothing to declare, Pieter Stokkers ? has nothing to declare, Emma Daulton ? has nothing to declare, Marieke Pierik ? M Pierik has served as a speaker for MSD and has received research Grants from European Union and Dr. Falk. James A Covington ? has nothing to declare, TGJ de Meij has served as a speaker for Mead Johnson. He has received a (unrestricted) research grant from Danone. He is member of the advisory board of Winclove BV. NKH de Boer has served as a speaker for AbbVie and MSD. He has served as consultant and principal investigator for TEVA Pharma BV and Takeda. He has received a (unrestricted) research grant from Dr. Falk, Takeda and TEVA Pharma BV. de Boer, de Meij and Bosch designed the study protocol and experiment. Wintjens, Bosch, van der Hulst, Kuijvenhoven and Stokkers collected the samples. Wintjens and Bosch prepared the samples for analyses. Daulton and Bosch ran the sample measurements. Daulton and Covington developed the sample test method. Wicaksono and Covington analysed the data. Bosch drafted a first version of the manuscript. Wintjens, Wicaksono, Kuijvenhoven, van der Hulst, Stokkers, Daulton, Pierik, Covington, de Meij and de Boer critically reviewed the manuscript. This work was supported by TAKEDA. The department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology received an unrestricted grant for this study. Funding Information: NKH de Boer has served as a speaker for AbbVie and MSD. He has served as consultant and principal investigator for TEVA Pharma BV and Takeda. He has received a (unrestricted) research grant from Dr. Falk, Takeda and TEVA Pharma BV. Funding Information: TGJ de Meij has served as a speaker for Mead Johnson. He has received a (unrestricted) research grant from Danone. He is member of the advisory board of Winclove BV. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.007",
language = "English",
volume = "52",
pages = "745--752",
journal = "Digestive and Liver Disease",
issn = "1590-8658",
publisher = "Elsevier Science",
number = "7",
}