The Effective Executive Leadership in Crisis

During the past five years, similar to many other countries in the region, Egypt experienced economic and political crisis, with organizations in many sectors suffering from limited resources, chaos and uncertainty, declining profits, high staff turnover...etc. Some have had to close down and go out of business, while others are striving to maintain their existence. Their employees face many demands such as decreased security and higher costs, whilst trying to maintain career growth and personal development. Aiming to investigate and understand these struggling institutions in their current turbulent situation, the authors studied the characteristics, leadership styles and roles of the effective leaders and managers heading up these organizations who were able to maintain their business operations, satisfy their customers, and retain and develop their teams, while operating in a very difficult and challenging environment in times of crisis over an extended period.