TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of hormonal levels and oxidative stress on bisphenol A and soy isoflavone reproductive toxicity in murine offspring
AU - Zou, Hongling
AU - Wang, Shan
AU - Liu, Yun
AU - Mo, Jie
AU - Yang, Liu
AU - Zhao, Yingqi
AU - Yi, Peipei
AU - Niu, Yali
AU - Huang, Yiwen
AU - Lu, Yuanming
N1 - Funding Information:
The present study was supported by grants from The national natural Science Foundation of china (grant no. 81460446,81860580), The Guangxi natural Science Foundation (grant nos. 2015GXnSFda139021 and 2018GXnSFaa294095), and The national Guangxi college Students innovation and entrepreneurship Training Program (grant no. 201810601030).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - Previous studies have suggested that human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and soy isoflavones (SIFs) can occur during pregnancy. The combination of these chemicals is hypothesized to have a toxic impact on the fetus. While BPA is an industrial chemical used widely in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, SIFs are naturally occurring estrogen-like phytoestrogens. To determine the impact of the combination of BPA and SIFs on fetal development, the body weight, organ weight, anogenital distance and histopathological changes in the testes of F1 offspring were assessed in mice. Hormonal effects were determined by measuring serum levels of estrogen receptor (ESR), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T). Additionally, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and the serum levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, were determined to evaluate alterations in oxidative stress and potential toxicity. Exposure to BPA increased the body weight of the pups and reduced the ratio of anogenital distance to body weight, as well as testes weight. Moreover, BPA exposure also induced testicular lesions. The seminiferous tubules of testis were denatured in varying degrees and the lumen wall structure was disordered. The levels of ESR in all offspring and the T levels in male offspring significantly increased, compared with controls. Co-exposure to BPA and SIFs exacerbated these changes in body weight, testicular lesions and hormonal levels, relative to BPA exposure alone. Additionally, oxidative damage was only induced by high-dose BPA. Collectively, these findings suggested that BPA and SIFs could have synergistic effect on the reproductive system, which could be mediated by the regulation of ESR expression and testosterone release.
AB - Previous studies have suggested that human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and soy isoflavones (SIFs) can occur during pregnancy. The combination of these chemicals is hypothesized to have a toxic impact on the fetus. While BPA is an industrial chemical used widely in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, SIFs are naturally occurring estrogen-like phytoestrogens. To determine the impact of the combination of BPA and SIFs on fetal development, the body weight, organ weight, anogenital distance and histopathological changes in the testes of F1 offspring were assessed in mice. Hormonal effects were determined by measuring serum levels of estrogen receptor (ESR), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T). Additionally, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and the serum levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, were determined to evaluate alterations in oxidative stress and potential toxicity. Exposure to BPA increased the body weight of the pups and reduced the ratio of anogenital distance to body weight, as well as testes weight. Moreover, BPA exposure also induced testicular lesions. The seminiferous tubules of testis were denatured in varying degrees and the lumen wall structure was disordered. The levels of ESR in all offspring and the T levels in male offspring significantly increased, compared with controls. Co-exposure to BPA and SIFs exacerbated these changes in body weight, testicular lesions and hormonal levels, relative to BPA exposure alone. Additionally, oxidative damage was only induced by high-dose BPA. Collectively, these findings suggested that BPA and SIFs could have synergistic effect on the reproductive system, which could be mediated by the regulation of ESR expression and testosterone release.
KW - bisphenol A
KW - soy isoflavone
KW - reproductive toxicity
KW - hormonal changes
KW - oxidative stress
KW - ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA
KW - ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS
KW - POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME
KW - ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS
KW - ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES
KW - HUMAN HEALTH
KW - BODY-WEIGHT
KW - FOOD-INTAKE
KW - EXPOSURE
KW - OBESITY
U2 - 10.3892/mmr.2020.11544
DO - 10.3892/mmr.2020.11544
M3 - Article
C2 - 33173981
SN - 1791-2997
VL - 22
SP - 4938
EP - 4946
JO - Molecular Medicine Reports
JF - Molecular Medicine Reports
IS - 6
ER -