TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of a pain educational video intervention upon child pain-related outcomes
T2 - A randomized controlled study
AU - Rheel, Emma
AU - Ickmans, Kelly
AU - Wauters, Aline
AU - Van Ryckeghem, Dimitri M. L.
AU - Malfliet, Anneleen
AU - Vervoort, Tine
N1 - Funding Information:
Grant support for Emma Rheel was provided by a Chair funded by the Berekuyl Academy/European College for Decongestive Lymphatic Therapy, the Netherlands and awarded to the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. K. Ickmans and A. Malfliet are postdoctoral research fellows, partly funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). None of these sponsors played a role in the (1) study design, (2) collection, analysis and interpretation of data, (3) writing of the report, (4) decision to submit the paper for publication. Besides, all authors declare that no conflicts of interest exist.
Funding Information:
A sincere thanks goes to the Master of Science students Experimental and Clinical Health Psychology of Ghent University (Eline Buysse, Elie Van Oerle, Elise Hoirelbeke, Silke Wintein, Laurence Luteijn, Camille Laethem, Merlijn Paelinck, Julie Hollevoet, Ester Goeminne, Linde Colman) for their help with the data collection and data input.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 European Pain Federation - EFIC®
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Background Pain neuroscience education (PNE) has received increasing research attention demonstrating beneficial effects on pain-related outcomes in adults. Conversely, studies on the effectiveness of PNE in children are scarce. Methods This study investigated the effect of a pain educational video intervention on child pain-related outcomes (i.e. experienced pain intensity, pain-related fear and catastrophic worry about pain, pain threshold and pain knowledge) in healthy children undergoing an experimental pain task. Furthermore, the moderating role of children's demographic (i.e. sex and age) and psychological (i.e. baseline pain knowledge and anticipated pain intensity, pain-related fear and catastrophic worry) characteristics was examined. Participants were 89 children (M-age = 11.85, SD = 1.78), randomly assigned to either a condition whereby they were instructed to watch a brief pain educational video (i.e. experimental group) or to a control condition whereby they did not watch any video. Results Study findings revealed that accurate pain knowledge and pain threshold were higher amongst children in the experimental group compared to the control group. In contrast with expectations, no main effects of the video intervention were observed for experienced pain intensity, pain-related fear and catastrophic worry. Moderation analyses indicated that the video intervention contributed, in comparison with the control condition, to higher levels of pain knowledge amongst younger children only and to higher pain thresholds amongst boys only. Conclusions Further investigation is needed to optimize pain educational video interventions and to determine whether more beneficial outcomes can be found in clinical (i.e. non-experimental) situations and in children with persistent or recurring pain problems. Significance Examining the impact of pain educational interventions within a non-clinical setting is deemed particularly important given that adaptive pain coping strategies likely play an important role in preventing the development and maintenance of future maladaptive pain-related behaviour. Further, study findings provide preliminary evidence of baseline and demographic (i.e. age and sex) characteristics explaining differences in the effect of a pain educational video intervention in pain knowledge and pain-related experiences during experimental pain.
AB - Background Pain neuroscience education (PNE) has received increasing research attention demonstrating beneficial effects on pain-related outcomes in adults. Conversely, studies on the effectiveness of PNE in children are scarce. Methods This study investigated the effect of a pain educational video intervention on child pain-related outcomes (i.e. experienced pain intensity, pain-related fear and catastrophic worry about pain, pain threshold and pain knowledge) in healthy children undergoing an experimental pain task. Furthermore, the moderating role of children's demographic (i.e. sex and age) and psychological (i.e. baseline pain knowledge and anticipated pain intensity, pain-related fear and catastrophic worry) characteristics was examined. Participants were 89 children (M-age = 11.85, SD = 1.78), randomly assigned to either a condition whereby they were instructed to watch a brief pain educational video (i.e. experimental group) or to a control condition whereby they did not watch any video. Results Study findings revealed that accurate pain knowledge and pain threshold were higher amongst children in the experimental group compared to the control group. In contrast with expectations, no main effects of the video intervention were observed for experienced pain intensity, pain-related fear and catastrophic worry. Moderation analyses indicated that the video intervention contributed, in comparison with the control condition, to higher levels of pain knowledge amongst younger children only and to higher pain thresholds amongst boys only. Conclusions Further investigation is needed to optimize pain educational video interventions and to determine whether more beneficial outcomes can be found in clinical (i.e. non-experimental) situations and in children with persistent or recurring pain problems. Significance Examining the impact of pain educational interventions within a non-clinical setting is deemed particularly important given that adaptive pain coping strategies likely play an important role in preventing the development and maintenance of future maladaptive pain-related behaviour. Further, study findings provide preliminary evidence of baseline and demographic (i.e. age and sex) characteristics explaining differences in the effect of a pain educational video intervention in pain knowledge and pain-related experiences during experimental pain.
KW - THERAPEUTIC NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION
KW - LOW-BACK-PAIN
KW - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
KW - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW - CATASTROPHIC THINKING
KW - MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
KW - PEDIATRIC PAIN
KW - FACES SCALES
KW - SELF-REPORT
KW - DISABILITY
U2 - 10.1002/ejp.1822
DO - 10.1002/ejp.1822
M3 - Article
C2 - 34155720
SN - 1090-3801
VL - 25
SP - 2094
EP - 2111
JO - European Journal of Pain
JF - European Journal of Pain
IS - 10
ER -