The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study

Anouk F. J. Geraets; Miranda T. Schram; Jacobus F. A. Jansen; Walter H. Backes; Casper G. Schalkwijk; Coen D. A. Stehouwer; Martin P. J. van Boxtel; Simone J. P. M. Eussen; Jeroen P. Kooman; Frans R. J. Verhey; Sebastian Köhler

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045

The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study

Anouk F. J. Geraets, Miranda T. Schram, Jacobus F. A. Jansen, Walter H. Backes, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Martin P. J. van Boxtel, Simone J. P. M. Eussen, Jeroen P. Kooman, Frans R. J. Verhey, Sebastian Köhler^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Individuals with depression often show an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile and might represent a distinct depression subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a cardiometabolic depression subtype could be identified and to investigate its association with demographics and clinical characteristics (severity, symptomatology, anti-depressant use, persistence and cognitive functioning).

METHODS: We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort in the southern part of The Netherlands. A total of 248 participants with major depressive disorder were included (mean [SD] age, 58.8 ± 8.5 years; 121 [48.8 %] were men). Major depressive disorder was assessed at baseline by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined as indicators of the metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. We measured severity and persistence of depressive symptoms by use of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

RESULTS: Latent class analysis resulted in two subtypes, one with cardiometabolic depression (n = 145) and another with non-cardiometabolic depression (n = 103). The cardiometabolic depression subtype was characterized by being male, low education, more severe depressive symptoms, less symptoms of depressed mood and more symptoms of loss of energy, more use of antidepressant medication and lower cognitive functioning.

LIMITATIONS: No conclusions can be made about causality.

CONCLUSIONS: Latent class analysis suggested a distinct cardiometabolic depression subtype. Participants with cardiometabolic depression differed from participants with non-cardiometabolic depression in terms of demographics and clinical characteristics. The existence of a cardiometabolic depression subtype may indicate the need for prevention and treatment targeting cardiometabolic risk management.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	110-117
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume	313
Early online date	29 Jun 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045
Publication status	Published - 15 Sept 2022

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1 Erratum / corrigendum / retractions

Corrigendum to "The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study" [J. Affect. Disord. 313 (2022) 110-117]
Geraets, A. F. J., Schram, M. T., Jansen, J. F. A., Backes, W. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Kooman, J. P., Verhey, F. R. J. & Köhler, S., 15 May 2023, In: Journal of Affective Disorders. 329, p. 589-589 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Erratum / corrigendum / retractions › Academic

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Geraets, A. F. J., Schram, M. T., Jansen, J. F. A., Backes, W. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Kooman, J. P., Verhey, F. R. J., & Köhler, S. (2022). The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 313, 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045

@article{0eba911d3c244e73a172b201c616ee7b,

title = "The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Individuals with depression often show an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile and might represent a distinct depression subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a cardiometabolic depression subtype could be identified and to investigate its association with demographics and clinical characteristics (severity, symptomatology, anti-depressant use, persistence and cognitive functioning).METHODS: We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort in the southern part of The Netherlands. A total of 248 participants with major depressive disorder were included (mean [SD] age, 58.8 ± 8.5 years; 121 [48.8 %] were men). Major depressive disorder was assessed at baseline by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined as indicators of the metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. We measured severity and persistence of depressive symptoms by use of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.RESULTS: Latent class analysis resulted in two subtypes, one with cardiometabolic depression (n = 145) and another with non-cardiometabolic depression (n = 103). The cardiometabolic depression subtype was characterized by being male, low education, more severe depressive symptoms, less symptoms of depressed mood and more symptoms of loss of energy, more use of antidepressant medication and lower cognitive functioning.LIMITATIONS: No conclusions can be made about causality.CONCLUSIONS: Latent class analysis suggested a distinct cardiometabolic depression subtype. Participants with cardiometabolic depression differed from participants with non-cardiometabolic depression in terms of demographics and clinical characteristics. The existence of a cardiometabolic depression subtype may indicate the need for prevention and treatment targeting cardiometabolic risk management.",

author = "Geraets, {Anouk F. J.} and Schram, {Miranda T.} and Jansen, {Jacobus F. A.} and Backes, {Walter H.} and Schalkwijk, {Casper G.} and Stehouwer, {Coen D. A.} and {van Boxtel}, {Martin P. J.} and Eussen, {Simone J. P. M.} and Kooman, {Jeroen P.} and Verhey, {Frans R. J.} and Sebastian K{\"o}hler",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045",

language = "English",

volume = "313",

pages = "110--117",

journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics

T2 - The Maastricht Study

AU - Geraets, Anouk F. J.

AU - Schram, Miranda T.

AU - Jansen, Jacobus F. A.

AU - Backes, Walter H.

AU - Schalkwijk, Casper G.

AU - Stehouwer, Coen D. A.

AU - van Boxtel, Martin P. J.

AU - Eussen, Simone J. P. M.

AU - Kooman, Jeroen P.

AU - Verhey, Frans R. J.

AU - Köhler, Sebastian

PY - 2022/9/15

Y1 - 2022/9/15

N2 - BACKGROUND: Individuals with depression often show an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile and might represent a distinct depression subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a cardiometabolic depression subtype could be identified and to investigate its association with demographics and clinical characteristics (severity, symptomatology, anti-depressant use, persistence and cognitive functioning).METHODS: We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort in the southern part of The Netherlands. A total of 248 participants with major depressive disorder were included (mean [SD] age, 58.8 ± 8.5 years; 121 [48.8 %] were men). Major depressive disorder was assessed at baseline by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined as indicators of the metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. We measured severity and persistence of depressive symptoms by use of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.RESULTS: Latent class analysis resulted in two subtypes, one with cardiometabolic depression (n = 145) and another with non-cardiometabolic depression (n = 103). The cardiometabolic depression subtype was characterized by being male, low education, more severe depressive symptoms, less symptoms of depressed mood and more symptoms of loss of energy, more use of antidepressant medication and lower cognitive functioning.LIMITATIONS: No conclusions can be made about causality.CONCLUSIONS: Latent class analysis suggested a distinct cardiometabolic depression subtype. Participants with cardiometabolic depression differed from participants with non-cardiometabolic depression in terms of demographics and clinical characteristics. The existence of a cardiometabolic depression subtype may indicate the need for prevention and treatment targeting cardiometabolic risk management.

AB - BACKGROUND: Individuals with depression often show an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile and might represent a distinct depression subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a cardiometabolic depression subtype could be identified and to investigate its association with demographics and clinical characteristics (severity, symptomatology, anti-depressant use, persistence and cognitive functioning).METHODS: We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort in the southern part of The Netherlands. A total of 248 participants with major depressive disorder were included (mean [SD] age, 58.8 ± 8.5 years; 121 [48.8 %] were men). Major depressive disorder was assessed at baseline by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined as indicators of the metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. We measured severity and persistence of depressive symptoms by use of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.RESULTS: Latent class analysis resulted in two subtypes, one with cardiometabolic depression (n = 145) and another with non-cardiometabolic depression (n = 103). The cardiometabolic depression subtype was characterized by being male, low education, more severe depressive symptoms, less symptoms of depressed mood and more symptoms of loss of energy, more use of antidepressant medication and lower cognitive functioning.LIMITATIONS: No conclusions can be made about causality.CONCLUSIONS: Latent class analysis suggested a distinct cardiometabolic depression subtype. Participants with cardiometabolic depression differed from participants with non-cardiometabolic depression in terms of demographics and clinical characteristics. The existence of a cardiometabolic depression subtype may indicate the need for prevention and treatment targeting cardiometabolic risk management.

U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045

DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045

M3 - Article

C2 - 35779670

SN - 0165-0327

VL - 313

SP - 110

EP - 117

JO - Journal of Affective Disorders

JF - Journal of Affective Disorders

ER -

The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study

Abstract

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Research output

Corrigendum to "The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study" [J. Affect. Disord. 313 (2022) 110-117]

Cite this