TY - JOUR
T1 - The association of markers of cerebral small vessel disease and brain atrophy with incidence and course of depressive symptoms-the maastricht study
AU - Geraets, Anouk F. J.
AU - Köhler, Sebastian
AU - Jansen, Jacobus F. A.
AU - Eussen, Simone J. P. M.
AU - Stehouwer, Coen D. A.
AU - Schaper, Nicolaas C.
AU - Wesselius, Anke
AU - Verhey, Frans R. J.
AU - Schram, Miranda T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund via OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant 31O.041 ), Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, The Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, the Netherlands), and Perimed (Järfalla, Sweden), and unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, the Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), and Sanofi Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, the Netherlands).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and neurodegeneration may be involved in the development and persistence of late-life depressive symptoms, but longitudinal evidence is scarce. We investigated the longitudinal associations of markers of CSVD and brain atrophy with incident depressive symptoms and the course of depressive symptoms, above and below 60 years of age. Methods: White matter hyperintensity volumes (WMH), presence of lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds, and white matter, grey matter, and cerebral spinal fluid volumes were assessed at baseline by 3T MRI in The Maastricht Study (mean age 59.5 +/- 8.5 years, 49.6% women, n=4,347; 16,535 person-years of follow-up). Clinically relevant depressive symptoms (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire >= 10) were assessed at baseline and annually over seven years. We used Cox regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular, and lifestyle risk factors. Results: Above 60 years of age, larger WMH volumes were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms (HR[95%CI]:1.24[1.04;1.48] per SD) and a persistent course of depressive symptoms (OR:1.44[1.04;2.00] per SD). Total CSVD burden was associated with persistent depressive symptoms irrespective of age (adjusted OR:1.58[1.03;2.43]), while no associations were found for general markers of brain atrophy. Limitationss: Our findings need replication in other large-scale population-based studies. Conclusions: Our findings may suggest a temporal association of larger WMH volume with the incidence and persistence of late-life depression in the general population and may provide a potential target for the prevention of chronic late-life depression.
AB - Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and neurodegeneration may be involved in the development and persistence of late-life depressive symptoms, but longitudinal evidence is scarce. We investigated the longitudinal associations of markers of CSVD and brain atrophy with incident depressive symptoms and the course of depressive symptoms, above and below 60 years of age. Methods: White matter hyperintensity volumes (WMH), presence of lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds, and white matter, grey matter, and cerebral spinal fluid volumes were assessed at baseline by 3T MRI in The Maastricht Study (mean age 59.5 +/- 8.5 years, 49.6% women, n=4,347; 16,535 person-years of follow-up). Clinically relevant depressive symptoms (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire >= 10) were assessed at baseline and annually over seven years. We used Cox regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular, and lifestyle risk factors. Results: Above 60 years of age, larger WMH volumes were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms (HR[95%CI]:1.24[1.04;1.48] per SD) and a persistent course of depressive symptoms (OR:1.44[1.04;2.00] per SD). Total CSVD burden was associated with persistent depressive symptoms irrespective of age (adjusted OR:1.58[1.03;2.43]), while no associations were found for general markers of brain atrophy. Limitationss: Our findings need replication in other large-scale population-based studies. Conclusions: Our findings may suggest a temporal association of larger WMH volume with the incidence and persistence of late-life depression in the general population and may provide a potential target for the prevention of chronic late-life depression.
KW - Depression
KW - Depressive symptoms
KW - Cerebral small vessel disease
KW - Brain atrophy
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Cohort studies
KW - LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION
KW - WHITE-MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES
KW - TEMPORAL-LOBE ATROPHY
KW - VASCULAR DEPRESSION
KW - MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION
KW - TISSUE SEGMENTATION
KW - MAJOR DEPRESSION
KW - OLDER-ADULTS
KW - RISK
KW - DEMENTIA
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.096
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.096
M3 - Article
C2 - 34144369
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 292
SP - 439
EP - 447
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
ER -