Systems thinking in immigration settlement and integration: how mapping complex systems can inform future research directions

Systems thinking is a conceptual framework that emphasizes understanding the interconnections and interactions within complex systems. This approach enables researchers to consider the broader context and dynamic relationships among components of social systems. In the context of immigration research, systems thinking provides valuable insights into the interconnected factors influencing migration processes and outcomes. Systems thinking has recently evolved into a set of analytical tools to aid in identifying gaps, uncovering influences and potential challenges, and promoting policy and program development that recognizes wider system influences. A common tool to support systems thinking is system mapping. This chapter explores the methodology of system mapping, its applications in immigration research, and its strengths and limitations, drawing on relevant literature. By applying and incorporating systems thinking methodologies such as system mapping in migration research, researchers can identify new insights, develop innovative solutions, and inform evidence-based policies to improve immigrant settlement and integration outcomes.