Suspension of micro- and nanoplastic test materials: liquid compatibility, (bio)surfactants, toxicity and environmental relevance

Dónal van Uunen, Maria Kloukinioti, Ingeborg M Kooter, Elena M Höppener, Laurine E A Yoe, Andrea M Brunner, Arjen Boersma, Luke A Parker*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

Micro- and nanoplastics have been detected in environmental compartments from the highest mountains to the deepest seas. They have been shown to be present at almost all trophic levels, and within humans they have been detected in numerous organs and human stool. Whilst their ubiquitous nature is indisputable, little is known about the health risks they may present. Much current research is focussed on the production of test materials with which to perform the necessary health studies. An important aspect of this is the correct storage and suspension of the materials to ensure they remain stable both chemically and with regards to size and shape. In this review, we look at the chemical stability of nine common polymers in a range of liquids; first with the use of commercial compatibility charts and then with a more quantitative approach using Hansen solubility parameters. We then look at stability with regards to particle agglomeration, whether and how stable compositions can be predicted, and which dispersants can be added to increase stability. Finally, we discuss the role of bio-surfactants and the eco-corona and how these may offer a route to both better stability and environmental relevance.
Original languageEnglish
Article number124306
JournalEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Volume356
Early online date2 Jun 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Sept 2024

Keywords

  • dispersion
  • microplastics
  • nanoplastics
  • stability
  • test material

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