Abstract
From the viewpoint of the state, a person is either a citizen or a foreigner. National citizenship laws divide people into citizens and foreigners. But citizenship laws also differentiate between categories of citizens and foreigners by granting certain foreigners (super-foreigners) preferential admission to citizenship and by restricting citizenship rights and privileges to certain citizens (sub-citizens). This article analyses comparatively current legal rules on the acquisition and loss of citizenship and on the exercise of citizenship privileges in 38 European countries in order to map ethno-national hierarchies of foreignness and citizenship. It builds a typology of ethno-national rules of citizenship and challenges widely held theses about the liberalisation and de-ethnicisation of citizenship regimes in Europe.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 296-310 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Ethnopolitics |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2015 |