TY - JOUR
T1 - State-of-the-art imaging of neuromodulatory subcortical systems in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and opportunities
AU - Engels-Dominguez, N.
AU - Koops, E.A.
AU - Prokopiou, P.C.
AU - Van Egroo, M.
AU - Schneider, C.
AU - Riphagen, J.M.
AU - Singhal, T.
AU - Jacobs, H.I.L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [ R01AG062559 , R01AG068062 , R21AG074220 (PI Jacobs Heidi, PhD), T32 EB013180 (PI El Fakhri Georges, PhD)]; the Alzheimer’s Association [ AARG-22–920434 (PI Jacobs Heidi, PhD)]; and Brightfocus Foundation [ A20211016F (PI Van Egroo Maxime, PhD)].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Primary prevention trials have shifted their focus to the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autopsy data indicates that the neuromodulatory subcortical systems' (NSS) nuclei are specifically vulnerable to initial tau pathology, indicating that these nuclei hold great promise for early detection of AD in the context of the aging brain. The increasing availability of new imaging methods, ultra-high field scanners, new radioligands, and routine deep brain stimulation implants has led to a growing number of NSS neuroimaging studies on aging and neurodegeneration. Here, we review findings of current state-of-the-art imaging studies assessing the structure, function, and molecular changes of these nuclei during aging and AD. Furthermore, we identify the challenges associated with these imaging methods, important pathophysiologic gaps to fill for the AD NSS neuroimaging field, and provide future directions to improve our assessment, understanding, and clinical use of in vivo imaging of the NSS.
AB - Primary prevention trials have shifted their focus to the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autopsy data indicates that the neuromodulatory subcortical systems' (NSS) nuclei are specifically vulnerable to initial tau pathology, indicating that these nuclei hold great promise for early detection of AD in the context of the aging brain. The increasing availability of new imaging methods, ultra-high field scanners, new radioligands, and routine deep brain stimulation implants has led to a growing number of NSS neuroimaging studies on aging and neurodegeneration. Here, we review findings of current state-of-the-art imaging studies assessing the structure, function, and molecular changes of these nuclei during aging and AD. Furthermore, we identify the challenges associated with these imaging methods, important pathophysiologic gaps to fill for the AD NSS neuroimaging field, and provide future directions to improve our assessment, understanding, and clinical use of in vivo imaging of the NSS.
KW - Neuromodulators
KW - Neuroimaging
KW - Brain aging
KW - Alzheimer?s Disease
KW - (Functional) magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Diffusion -weighted imaging
KW - Positron emission tomography
KW - Electrophysiology
KW - POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY
KW - MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
KW - BASAL FOREBRAIN ATROPHY
KW - DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION
KW - COERULEUS MRI CONTRAST
KW - VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA
KW - IN-VIVO VISUALIZATION
KW - HUMAN LOCUS-COERULEUS
KW - DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS
KW - HIGH-RESOLUTION PET
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104998
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104998
M3 - Article
C2 - 36526031
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 144
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
IS - 1
M1 - 104998
ER -