@article{ef70f9e9d1434877938d9180f0a69d92,
title = "Sharp increase in inequality in education in times of the COVID-19-pandemic",
abstract = "The COVID-19-pandemic forced many countries to close schools abruptly in the spring of 2020. These school closures and the subsequent period of distance learning has led to concerns about increasing inequality in education, as children from lower-educated and poorer families have less access to (additional) resources at home. This study analyzes differences in declines in learning gains in primary education in the Netherlands for reading, spelling and math, using rich data on standardized test scores and register data on student and parental background for almost 300,000 unique students. The results show large inequalities in the learning loss based on parental education and parental income, on top of already existing inequalities. The results call for a national focus on interventions specifically targeting vulnerable students.",
keywords = "PROGRAMS",
author = "Carla Haelermans and Roxanne Korthals and Madelon Jacobs and {de Leeuw}, Suzanne and Stan Vermeulen and {van Vugt}, Lynn and Bas Aarts and Tijana Breuer and {van der Velden}, Rolf and {van Wetten}, Sanne and {de Wolf}, Inge",
note = "data source: ZonMW COVID-19 project Data cannot be shared publicly because they are part of the data at Statistics Netherlands and cannot be exported from the secured virtual environment at Statistics Netherlands. However, all data underlying the results presented are available at Statistics Netherlands and use can be requested by national and international researchers via the Netherlands Cohort Study on Education (NCO) and Statistics Netherlands; data access requests may be sent to info@nationaalcohortonderzoek.nl. An extensive description of the data and the access procedure can be found in Haelermans, C., T. Huijgen, M. Jacobs, M. Levels, R. van der Velden, L. van Vugt and S. van Wetten (2020). Using Data to Advance Educational Research, Policy and Practice: Design, Content and Research Potential of the Netherlands Cohort Study on Education. European Sociological Review, 36(4), 643-662, https://academic.oup.com/esr/article/36/4/643/5871552?login=true.",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "2",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0261114",
language = "English",
volume = "17",
journal = "PLOS ONE",
issn = "1932-6203",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
number = "2",
}