@article{d9e1a42275af412e8a0cc6278acd6e69,
title = "Reproducibility and variability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in cerebral small vessel disease",
abstract = "Brain imaging is essential for the diagnosis and characterization of cerebral small vessel disease. Several magnetic resonance imaging markers have therefore emerged, providing new information on the diagnosis, progression, and mechanisms of small vessel disease. Yet, the reproducibility of these small vessel disease markers has received little attention despite being widely used in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. This review focuses on the main small vessel disease-related markers on magnetic resonance imaging including: white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, dilated perivascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain volume. The aim is to summarize, for each marker, what is currently known about: (1) its reproducibility in studies with a scan-rescan procedure either in single or multicenter settings; (2) the acquisition-related sources of variability; and, (3) the techniques used to minimize this variability. Based on the results, we discuss technical and other challenges that need to be overcome in order for these markers to be reliably used as outcome measures in future clinical trials. We also highlight the key points that need to be considered when designing multicenter magnetic resonance imaging studies of small vessel disease.",
keywords = "Magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral small vessel disease, marker, brain volume, atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, lacunes, perivascular spaces, reproducibility, repeatability, variability",
author = "{De Guio}, Francois and Eric Jouvent and Biessels, {Geert Jan} and Black, {Sandra E.} and Carol Brayne and Christopher Chen and Charlotte Cordonnier and {De Leeuw}, Frank-Eric and Martin Dichgans and Fergus Doubal and Marco Duering and Carole Dufouil and Emrah Duzel and Franz Fazekas and Vladimir Hachinski and Ikram, {M. Arfan} and Jennifer Linn and Matthews, {Paul M.} and Bernard Mazoyer and Vincent Mok and Bo Norrving and O'Brien, {John T.} and Leonardo Pantoni and Stefan Ropele and Perminder Sachdev and Reinhold Schmidt and Sudha Seshadri and Smith, {Eric E.} and Sposato, {Luciano A.} and Blossom Stephan and Swartz, {Richard H.} and Christophe Tzourio and {van Buchem}, Mark and {van der Lugt}, Aad and {van Oostenbrugge}, Robert and Vernooij, {Meike W.} and Anand Viswanathan and David Werring and Frank Wollenweber and Wardlaw, {Joanna M.} and Hugues Chabriat",
year = "2016",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1177/0271678X16647396",
language = "English",
volume = "36",
pages = "1319--1337",
journal = "Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism",
issn = "0271-678X",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "8",
}