@article{9e0a179203ae483d8a4185c623ceb5f0,
title = "Representation of Women in Randomized Trials in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis",
abstract = "Background Women have traditionally been underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic evaluation of the inclusion of women in cardiac surgery RCTs published in the past 2 decades. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched (2000 to July 2020) for RCTs written in English, comparing >= 2 adult cardiac surgical procedures. The percentage of women enrolled and its association with year of publication, sample size, mean age, funding source, geographic location, number of sites involved, and interventions tested were analyzed using a meta-analytic approach. Fifty-one trials were included. Of 25 425 total patients, 5029 were women (20.8%; 95% CI, 17.6-24.4; range, 0.5%-57.9%). The proportion of women dropped significantly during the study period (29.6% in 2000 versus 13.1% in 2019, P",
keywords = "cardiac surgery, RCT, women, ARTERY-BYPASS SURGERY, INTERNAL-THORACIC-ARTERY, OF-LIFE OUTCOMES, ON-PUMP SURGERY, RADIAL-ARTERY, SAPHENOUS-VEIN, CORONARY SURGERY, MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION, VALVE SURGERY, GRAFT PATENCY",
author = "Mario Gaudino and {Di Mauro}, Michele and Fremes, {Stephen E.} and {Di Franco}, Antonino",
note = "Funding Information: Supported by {"}P35 - PRVOU{"} - the Scientific Plan of Charles, University in Prague, the Czech Republic, granted by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Funding Information: The British Heart Foundation, the Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust Funding Information: This work was supported partially by a research grant from the Zerbini Foundation, Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Medical School University of Sao Paulo Funding Information: Grants from Medtronic Inc and the Carlyle Fraser Heart Center Foundation (Atlanta, GA) Funding Information: Supported in part by Marshfield Clinic Physician Research Specific Restricted Funds, and the Gwen D. Sebold Award Funding Information: Supported in part by the Swiss Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Funding Information: Grant NA 6569–3 of the Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Funding Information: Before starting this study, the protocol was given to both manufacturers. The study was then supported by an unrestricted grant from St. Jude Medical, Eschborn, Germany Funding Information: National Institutes of Health and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant no. 3.4600.04 from the Fonds de la recherch{\'e} scientifique m{\'e}dicale, Brussels, Belgium Funding Information: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Grant# 7092) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-funded Canadian Network and Centre for Trials Internationally (CANNeCTIN) Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
day = "17",
doi = "10.1161/jaha.120.020513",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
journal = "Journal of the American Heart Association",
issn = "2047-9980",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "16",
}