Proliferating primary hepatocytes from the pUR288 lacZ plasmid mouse are valuable tools for genotoxicity assessment in vitro

Edwin P. Zwart, Mirjam M. Schaap, Myrthe W. van den Dungen, Hedwig M. Braakhuis, Paul A. White, Harry van Steeg, Jan van Benthem, Mirjam Luijten*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Safety assessments of substances with regard to genotoxicity are generally based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo tests. These tests are performed according to a (tiered) test strategy whereby a positive result in vitro usually triggers further testing in vivo. A low specificity and high frequency of irrelevant positive results associated with most in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity assays necessitates the design and validation of suitable alternatives. As such, we examined the feasibility of culturing primary hepatocytes from the pUR288 lacZ reporter mouse, and moreover, using established cultures to reliably assess genotoxic activity in vitro. Initial studies characterizing the metabolic capacity of proliferating lacZ primary hepatocytes indicated that these cells retained at least some activities important for xenobiotic metabolism: cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme activities were markedly increased in the hepatocytes after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, and also UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, both Phase II enzymes, were detected. Increasing levels of phosphorylated p53 at residue serine 389 after ultraviolet treatment indicated a properly functioning p53, one of the criteria for an effective new test system. Four genotoxic substances with different mechanisms of genotoxicity, i.e., benzo[a]pyrene, bleomycin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide, were tested in the lacZ rescue assay. For etoposide and cyclophosphamide, the induction of mutant colonies was rather low. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and bleomycin, however, yielded a clear concentration-dependent induction of the lacZ mutant frequency. Based on our preliminary observations, proliferating lacZ primary hepatocytes are a promising new tool for the assessment of genotoxic hazard.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)376-383
JournalEnvironmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
Volume53
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2012

Keywords

  • genotoxicity
  • primary mouse hepatocytes
  • lacZ reporter gene
  • risk assessment
  • in vitro

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