TY - JOUR
T1 - Progress in neuromodulation of the brain
T2 - A role for magnetic nanoparticles?
AU - Roet, Milaine
AU - Hescham, Sarah-Anna
AU - Jahanshahi, Ali
AU - Rutten, Bart P. F.
AU - Anikeeva, Polina O.
AU - Temel, Yasin
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank our colleagues Frèdèric l.W.V.J. Schaper, Bethany R. Isaacs and Anne E. P. Mulders from Maastricht University and Michael G. Christiansen and Danijela Gregurec from Massachusetts Institute of Technology who provided insights and expertise that greatly assisted in writing the various subjects of this review. Furthermore, we thank Geertjan van Zonneveld for his assistance in creating the images in this review.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - The field of neuromodulation is developing rapidly. Current techniques, however, are still limited as they i) either depend on permanent implants, ii) require invasive procedures, iii) are not cell-type specific, iv) involve slow pharmacokinetics or v) have a restricted penetration depth making it difficult to stimulate regions deep within the brain. Refinements into the different fields of neuromodulation are thus needed. In this review, we will provide background information on the different techniques of neuromodulation discussing their latest refinements and future potentials including the implementation of nanoparticles (NPs). In particular we will highlight the usage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as transducers in advanced neuromodulation. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), certain MNPs can generate heat through hysteresis. This MNP heating has been promising in the field of cancer therapy and has recently been introduced as a method for remote and wireless neuromodulation. This indicates that MNPs may aid in the exploration of brain functions via neuromodulation and may eventually be applied for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. We will address the materials chemistry of MNPs, their biomedical applications, their delivery into the brain, their mechanisms of stimulation with emphasis on MNP heating and their remote control in living tissue. The final section compares and discusses the parameters used for MNP heating in brain cancer treatment and neuromodulation. Concluding, using MNPs for nanomaterial-mediated neuromodulation seem promising in a variety of techniques and could be applied for different neuropsychiatric disorders when more extensively investigated.
AB - The field of neuromodulation is developing rapidly. Current techniques, however, are still limited as they i) either depend on permanent implants, ii) require invasive procedures, iii) are not cell-type specific, iv) involve slow pharmacokinetics or v) have a restricted penetration depth making it difficult to stimulate regions deep within the brain. Refinements into the different fields of neuromodulation are thus needed. In this review, we will provide background information on the different techniques of neuromodulation discussing their latest refinements and future potentials including the implementation of nanoparticles (NPs). In particular we will highlight the usage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as transducers in advanced neuromodulation. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), certain MNPs can generate heat through hysteresis. This MNP heating has been promising in the field of cancer therapy and has recently been introduced as a method for remote and wireless neuromodulation. This indicates that MNPs may aid in the exploration of brain functions via neuromodulation and may eventually be applied for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. We will address the materials chemistry of MNPs, their biomedical applications, their delivery into the brain, their mechanisms of stimulation with emphasis on MNP heating and their remote control in living tissue. The final section compares and discusses the parameters used for MNP heating in brain cancer treatment and neuromodulation. Concluding, using MNPs for nanomaterial-mediated neuromodulation seem promising in a variety of techniques and could be applied for different neuropsychiatric disorders when more extensively investigated.
KW - Advanced neuromodulation
KW - Optogenetics
KW - DREADD
KW - Focused ultrasound (FUS)
KW - Magnetic deep brain stimulation
KW - Nanoparticles (NP)
KW - Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP)
KW - Alternating magnetic field (AMF)
KW - Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT)
KW - IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
KW - TRANSCRANIAL FOCUSED ULTRASOUND
KW - PARKINSONS-DISEASE
KW - REMOTE-CONTROL
KW - MILLISECOND-TIMESCALE
KW - SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
KW - STIMULATION TMS
KW - OPTICAL CONTROL
KW - DRUG-RELEASE
KW - HYPERTHERMIA
U2 - 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.002
DO - 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.002
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 30878723
SN - 0301-0082
VL - 177
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - Progress in Neurobiology
JF - Progress in Neurobiology
ER -