@article{322c859db7a94b22adeb78765b91aaf5,
title = "Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive-Manufactured Scaffolds",
abstract = "Despite numerous advances in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, monitoring the formation of tissue regeneration and its metabolic variations during culture is still a challenge and mostly limited to bulk volumetric assays. Here, a simple method of adding capsules-based optical sensors in cell-seeded 3D scaffolds is presented and the potential of these sensors to monitor the pH changes in space and time during cell growth is demonstrated. It is shown that the pH decreased over time in the 3D scaffolds, with a more prominent decrease at the edges of the scaffolds. Moreover, the pH change is higher in 3D scaffolds compared to monolayered 2D cell cultures. The results suggest that this system, composed by capsules-based optical sensors and 3D scaffolds with predefined geometry and pore architecture network, can be a suitable platform for monitoring pH variations during 3D cell growth and tissue formation. This is particularly relevant for the investigation of 3D cellular microenvironment alterations occurring both during physiological processes, such as tissue regeneration, and pathological processes, such as cancer evolution.",
keywords = "3D scaffolds, extracellular microenvironment, microparticles, pH mapping, tissue engineering, GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS, CARBON-DOTS, IN-VITRO, DISSOLVED-OXYGEN, EXTRACELLULAR PH, OPTICAL PH, LABEL-FREE, TISSUE, EMISSION, ACIDIFICATION",
author = "Moldero, {Ivan Lorenzo} and Anil Chandra and Marta Cavo and Carlos Mota and Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas and Giuseppe Gigli and Lorenzo Moroni and {del Mercato}, {Loretta L.}",
note = "Funding Information: I.L.M. and A.C. contributed equally to this work. The authors are grateful to the European Community{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) (grant agreement No. 305436, STELLAR), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 759959, INTERCELLMED) and the FISR/MIUR-C.N.R., Tecnopolo di Nanotecnologia e Fotonica per la medicina di precisione (project number: B83B17000010001) and Tecnopolo per la medicina di precisione - Regione Puglia (project number: B84I18000540002). The authors thank the M4I institute of the Maastricht University for their support with TEM. The authors further extent their acknowledgement to the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White who isolated and provided the cells through a grant from NCRR of the NIH (Grant #P40RR017447). Funding Information: I.L.M. and A.C. contributed equally to this work. The authors are grateful to the European Community{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007‐2013) (grant agreement No. 305436, STELLAR), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 759959, INTERCELLMED) and the FISR/MIUR‐C.N.R., Tecnopolo di Nanotecnologia e Fotonica per la medicina di precisione (project number: B83B17000010001) and Tecnopolo per la medicina di precisione ‐ Regione Puglia (project number: B84I18000540002). The authors thank the M4I institute of the Maastricht University for their support with TEM. The authors further extent their acknowledgement to the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White who isolated and provided the cells through a grant from NCRR of the NIH (Grant #P40RR017447). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",
year = "2020",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1002/smll.202002258",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
journal = "Small",
issn = "1613-6810",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "34",
}