Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

The exponential growth in the acquisition and processing of personal data has necessitated a paradigm shift toward “privacy by design,” a principle that is increasingly being realized through both theoretical frameworks and technological innovations. Known commonly as Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs), these tools serve a dual purpose: they not only augment data analytical capacities but also fortify digital security, privacy, and data protection standards. While the term “privacy-enhancing” is broadly used, it may undersell the multifaceted role these technologies play in data management and cybersecurity. This chapter examines the transformative influence of PETs, particularly in how they alter institutional methodologies for data collection, processing, and sharing. We will also delve into the active interest and endorsement by global state bodies and regulatory agencies, which position PETs as cornerstone solutions for both privacy and broader data integrity issues. Furthermore, the article elucidates how PETs, against a backdrop of complex cyber threats like advanced persistent threats and ransomware, not only protect individual privacy but also enhance cybersecurity frameworks. The discussion will finally identify the major categories of PETs and their pivotal roles in advancing digital security measures.