TY - JOUR
T1 - Prinzmetal Angina: ECG Changes and Clinical Considerations: A Consensus Paper
AU - Bayes de Luna, Antonio
AU - Cygankiewicz, Iwona
AU - Baranchuk, Adrian
AU - Fiol, Miquel
AU - Birnbaum, Yochai
AU - Nikus, Kjell
AU - Goldwasser, Diego
AU - Garcia-Niebla, Javier
AU - Sclarovsky, Samuel
AU - Wellens, Hein
AU - Breithardt, Guenter
PY - 2014/9
Y1 - 2014/9
N2 - We will focus our attention in this article in the ECG changes of classical Prinzmetal angina that occur during occlusive proximal coronary spasm usually in patients with normal or noncritical coronary stenosis.The most important ECG change during a focal proximal coronary spasm is in around 50% of cases the appearance of peaked and symmetrical T wave that is followed, if the spasm persist, by progressive ST-segment elevation that last for a few minutes, and later progressively resolve. The most frequent ECG changes associated with ST-segment elevation are: (a) increased height of the R wave, (b) coincident S-wave diminution, (c) upsloping TQ in many cases, and (d) alternans of the elevated ST-segment and negative T wave deepness in 20% of cases. The presence of arrhythmias is very frequent during Prinzmetal angina crises, especially ventricular arrhythmias. The prevalence and importance of ventricular arrhythmias were related to: (a) duration of episodes, (b) degree of ST-segment elevation, (c) presence of ST-T wave alternans, and (d) the presence of >25% increase of the R wave.The incidence of Prinzmetal angina is much lower then 50 years ago for many reasons including treatment with calcium channel blocks to treat hypertension and ischemia heart disease and the decrease of smoking habits.? 2014
AB - We will focus our attention in this article in the ECG changes of classical Prinzmetal angina that occur during occlusive proximal coronary spasm usually in patients with normal or noncritical coronary stenosis.The most important ECG change during a focal proximal coronary spasm is in around 50% of cases the appearance of peaked and symmetrical T wave that is followed, if the spasm persist, by progressive ST-segment elevation that last for a few minutes, and later progressively resolve. The most frequent ECG changes associated with ST-segment elevation are: (a) increased height of the R wave, (b) coincident S-wave diminution, (c) upsloping TQ in many cases, and (d) alternans of the elevated ST-segment and negative T wave deepness in 20% of cases. The presence of arrhythmias is very frequent during Prinzmetal angina crises, especially ventricular arrhythmias. The prevalence and importance of ventricular arrhythmias were related to: (a) duration of episodes, (b) degree of ST-segment elevation, (c) presence of ST-T wave alternans, and (d) the presence of >25% increase of the R wave.The incidence of Prinzmetal angina is much lower then 50 years ago for many reasons including treatment with calcium channel blocks to treat hypertension and ischemia heart disease and the decrease of smoking habits.? 2014
KW - electrocardiography
KW - Prinzmethal angina
KW - coronary spasm
KW - ST elevation
U2 - 10.1111/anec.12194
DO - 10.1111/anec.12194
M3 - Article
C2 - 25262663
SN - 1082-720X
VL - 19
SP - 442
EP - 453
JO - Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
JF - Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
IS - 5
ER -