Principais Substâncias Para Os Modelos Experimentais Da Doença De Parkinson Por Estereotaxia Em Roedores

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, affecting 1% of the elderly population. Its clinical manifestations are diverse, including motor, cognitive, sensory and autonomic manifestations. PD is characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, concomitant with the presence of Lewy body; however, its etiology is not completely elucidated. Given the lack of treatment capable of completely mitigating the functional impairment imposed by PD, Methodology: this article seeks, through a systematic literature review, to evaluate the different neurotoxins used in laboratory induction of PD, describe its effects in rodents and recognize its similarities with the aspects of the pathology in question Objective: with the objective of elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson's Disease, and thus, assisting future researches that allow the development of promising therapies. Discussion: The 5 most used neurotoxins in animal models of Parkinson's disease induction were compared: (1) Rotenone; (2) Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine-dichloride); (3) Aminochrome; (4) 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) and (5) MPTP (methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and Conclusion: it was concluded that although experimental models of PD replicate certain aspects of the disease, such as motor symptoms, nigrostate degeneration and a-synuclein formation; they are unable to reproduce cognitive symptoms and the formation of Lewy bodies, and are therefore insufficient to fully reproduce the pathophysiological and phenotypic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease.