Prevention of Cystoid Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

L.H.P. Wielders*, V.A. Lambermont, J.S.A.G. Schouten, F.J.H.M. van den Biggelaar, G. Worthy, R.W.P. Simons, B. Winkens, R.M.M.A. Nuijts

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the optimum medical strategy to prevent cystoid macular edema (CME) after cataract surgery. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: SETTING: Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). STUDY POPULATION: RCTs comparing medical strategies to prevent CME after uncomplicated cataract surgery in nondiabetic and diabetic patients. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Data were extracted by 2 authors independently. Quality of individual RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and Delphi criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds of developing CME within 3 months postoperatively and foveal thickness, macular volume and corrected distance visual acuity change within 3 months postoperatively, as compared to baseline. RESULTS: Seventeen trials reported incidence rates. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) significantly reduced the odds of developing CME as compared to topical corticosteroids in nondiabetic (odds ratio [OR] 0.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.03-0.37) and mixed populations (OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.02-0.11). A combination of topical corticosteroids and NSAIDs significantly reduced the odds of developing CME as compared to topical corticosteroids in nondiabetic (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.10-0.44) and diabetic patients (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05-0.50). Intravitreal corticosteroid or anti vascular endothelial growth factor injections did not show any additional benefit in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Topical NSAIDs significantly reduced the odds of developing CME, as compared to topical corticosteroids, in nondiabetic and mixed populations. A combination of topical NSAIDs and corticosteroids reduced the odds of developing CME in nondiabetic and diabetic patients, as compared to topical corticosteroids.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)968-981.e33
JournalAmerican Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume160
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2015

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