@article{39eac65a2ec842dd8bfba6b16775caad,
title = "Prevalence of restrictive lung function in children and adults in the general population",
abstract = "Background: Restrictive lung function (RLF) is characterized by a reduced lung expansion and size. In the absence of lung volume measurements, restriction can be indirectly assessed with restrictive spirometric patterns (RSP) by spirometry. Prevalence data on RLF by the golden standard body plethysmography in the general population are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RLF and RSP in the general population by body plethysmography and to determine factors influencing RLF and RSP.Methods: Pre-bronchodilation lung function data of 8891 subjects (48.0% male, age 6-82 years) have been collected in the LEAD Study, a single-centered, longitudinal, population-based study from Vienna, Austria. The cohort was categorized in the following groups based on the Global Lung Initiative reference equations: normal subjects, RLF (TLC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), RSP (FEV1/FVC >= LLN and a FVC < LLN), RSP only (RSP with TLC >= LLN). Normal subjects were considered those with FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and TLC between LLN and ULN (upper limit of normal).Results: The prevalence of RLF and RSP in the Austrian general population is 1.1% and 4.4%. Spirometry has a positive and negative predictive value of 18.0% and 99.6% to predict a restrictive lung function. Central obesity was associated with RLF. RSP was related to smoking and underweight.Conclusions: The prevalence of true restrictive lung function and RSP in the Austrian general population is lower than previously estimated. Our data confirm the need for direct lung volume measurement to diagnose true restrictive lung function.",
keywords = "Pulmonary function testing, Spirometry, Body plethysmography, Restrictive lung function, Restrictive spirometric pattern, Prevalence, General population, SPIROMETRIC PATTERN, FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT, CAPACITY, HEALTH",
author = "C. Schiffers and A. Ofenheimer and M.K. Breyer and T. Mraz and B. Lamprecht and O.C. Burghuber and S. Hartl and E.F.M. Wouters and R. Breyer-Kohansal",
note = "Funding Information: To overcome this problem, the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) has introduced a reliable system of reference equations for spirometry as well as for body plethysmography [ 14–16]. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies to date have addressed the prevalence of RSP within the general population using these GLI reference values [10,17,18]. Comparing different definitions for RSP, Myrberg et al. supported that the ERS/ATS guideline definition for RSP based on forced vital capacity (FVC) < Lower limit normal (LLN) and Forced expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC > LLN has the best ability to rule out those not having a true restrictive lung function [9].The Austrian LEAD Study is supported by the Ludwig Boltzmann Society, the Municipal Department of Health and Environment of Vienna, the Federal State Governmental Department of Health of Lower Austria, and unrestricted scientific grants from AstraZeneca, B{\"o}hringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Pharma, Glaxo Smith Kline and Menarini Pharma. None of the supporting parties had any participation in the data, nor did they contribute to the design or the content of the present manuscript. Funding Information: The Austrian LEAD Study is supported by the Ludwig Boltzmann Society , the Municipal Department of Health and Environment of Vienna, the Federal State Governmental Department of Health of Lower Austria, and unrestricted scientific grants from AstraZeneca , B{\"o}hringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Pharma, Glaxo Smith Kline and Menarini Pharma. None of the supporting parties had any participation in the data, nor did they contribute to the design or the content of the present manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107156",
language = "English",
volume = "210",
journal = "Respiratory Medicine",
issn = "0954-6111",
publisher = "Elsevier Saunders",
number = "1",
}