TY - JOUR
T1 - Prehabilitation before major intra-abdominal cancer surgery A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
AU - Thomas, Gwendolyn
AU - Tahir, Muhammad R.
AU - Bongers, Bart C.
AU - Kallen, Victor L.
AU - Slooter, Gerrit D.
AU - van Meeteren, Nico L.
N1 - Funding Information:
From the Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven (GT, GDS), the Department of Microbiology & System Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist (MRT, VLK), the Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (BCB), the Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht (BCB, NLvM), SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort (BCB), Health-Holland, Topsector Life Sciences and Health, The Hague, The Netherlands (NLvM) Correspondence to Bart C. Bongers, PhD, Maastricht University, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 433882236; e-mail: [email protected] *Both Gwendolyn Thomas and Muhammad R. Tahir contributed equally to this article. 0265-0215 Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology.
Funding Information:
Financial support and sponsorship: Muhammad R. Tahir was supported by the PANINI programme (Horizon 2020, Marie Curie, Sklodowska, Innovative Training Network, No. 675003).46 The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of data or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 European Society of Anaesthesiology. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - BACKGROUND Although prehabilitation programmes for patients undergoing major intra-abdominal cancer surgery have been shown to improve pre-operative physical fitness, the conclusions regarding any postoperative benefits are inconsistent.OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of and the outcome measures used in studies of prehabilitation programmes for these patients. It was hypothesised that the content of prehabilitation programmes is often therapeutically invalid, and that the postoperative outcomes assessed are inadequate to evaluate the impact of complications.DESIGN A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.DATA SOURCES Studies published between January 2009 and January 2019 were retrieved from PubMed, Em base and PEDro.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were included when they investigated the effects of prehabilitation in patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery for cancer, reported pre-operative and/or postoperative outcome measures and were conducted as a randomised controlled trial. Studies for which the full text was not available were excluded, as were studies of patients undergoing nonabdominal cancer surgery.RESULTS Eight studies (565 patients) were included. Therapeutic validity was low in five studies. Most studies included low-risk surgical patients and considerable variation was observed between prehabilitation programmes in terms of supervision, training context, frequency, intensity, duration and training type. Objective monitoring of training progression was typically not performed, and most trials did not include nutritional or psychological support. Postoperative complications were reported in seven studies, but no study reported the impact of postoperative complications, nor on long-term postoperative outcomes.CONCLUSION The content of prehabilitation programmes was heterogeneous. Studies with a high therapeutic validity found unequivocal evidence that prehabilitation had beneficial effects on postoperative outcomes. Future research should focus on adequate selection and inclusion of highrisk surgical patients and provide personalised and probably multimodal (partly) supervised prehabilitation, with objective monitoring of progress. Measuring the incidence and impact of postoperative complications may contribute to demonstrating the clinical value of prehabilitation.
AB - BACKGROUND Although prehabilitation programmes for patients undergoing major intra-abdominal cancer surgery have been shown to improve pre-operative physical fitness, the conclusions regarding any postoperative benefits are inconsistent.OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of and the outcome measures used in studies of prehabilitation programmes for these patients. It was hypothesised that the content of prehabilitation programmes is often therapeutically invalid, and that the postoperative outcomes assessed are inadequate to evaluate the impact of complications.DESIGN A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.DATA SOURCES Studies published between January 2009 and January 2019 were retrieved from PubMed, Em base and PEDro.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were included when they investigated the effects of prehabilitation in patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery for cancer, reported pre-operative and/or postoperative outcome measures and were conducted as a randomised controlled trial. Studies for which the full text was not available were excluded, as were studies of patients undergoing nonabdominal cancer surgery.RESULTS Eight studies (565 patients) were included. Therapeutic validity was low in five studies. Most studies included low-risk surgical patients and considerable variation was observed between prehabilitation programmes in terms of supervision, training context, frequency, intensity, duration and training type. Objective monitoring of training progression was typically not performed, and most trials did not include nutritional or psychological support. Postoperative complications were reported in seven studies, but no study reported the impact of postoperative complications, nor on long-term postoperative outcomes.CONCLUSION The content of prehabilitation programmes was heterogeneous. Studies with a high therapeutic validity found unequivocal evidence that prehabilitation had beneficial effects on postoperative outcomes. Future research should focus on adequate selection and inclusion of highrisk surgical patients and provide personalised and probably multimodal (partly) supervised prehabilitation, with objective monitoring of progress. Measuring the incidence and impact of postoperative complications may contribute to demonstrating the clinical value of prehabilitation.
KW - HIGH-RISK PATIENTS
KW - SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
KW - ELDERLY-PATIENTS
KW - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW - EXERCISE
KW - MORBIDITY
KW - GUIDELINES
KW - OUTCOMES
KW - COHORT
U2 - 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001030
DO - 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001030
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 31188152
SN - 0265-0215
VL - 36
SP - 933
EP - 945
JO - European Journal of Anaesthesiology
JF - European Journal of Anaesthesiology
IS - 12
ER -