Pneumomediastinum in late pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature

Background Pneumomediastium is a rare complication of pregnancy or labor. Methods Here, we report our findings in a case report (gravid 5, para 2, gestational age 33 + 4 weeks) and narratively review the current literature on pneumomediastinum in pregnancy or labor. Results Our case is the first case that experienced pneumomediastinum after relatively limited exposure to barotrauma in the current pregnancy. Other reports describe pneumomediastinum after hyperemesis gravidarum or during labor. Treatment is usually conservatively due to the trauma mechanism of barotrauma to the alveoli. Conclusion Physicians should be aware of the possibility of pneumomediastinum in pregnant women with acute thoracic pain in cases of (previous) hyperemesis gravidarum or during labor.