TY - JOUR
T1 - Perioperative Systemic Therapy vs Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Alone for Resectable Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases
T2 - A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial
AU - Rovers, Koen P
AU - Bakkers, Checca
AU - Nienhuijs, Simon W
AU - Burger, Jacobus W A
AU - Creemers, Geert-Jan M
AU - Thijs, Anna M J
AU - Brandt-Kerkhof, Alexandra R M
AU - Madsen, Eva V E
AU - van Meerten, Esther
AU - Tuynman, Jurriaan B
AU - Kusters, Miranda
AU - Versteeg, Kathelijn S
AU - Aalbers, Arend G J
AU - Kok, Niels F M
AU - Buffart, Tineke E
AU - Wiezer, Marinus J
AU - Boerma, Djamila
AU - Los, Maartje
AU - de Reuver, Philip R
AU - Bremers, Andreas J A
AU - Verheul, Henk M W
AU - Kruijff, Schelto
AU - de Groot, Derk Jan A
AU - Witkamp, Arjen J
AU - van Grevenstein, Wilhelmina M U
AU - Koopman, Miriam
AU - Nederend, Joost
AU - Lahaye, Max J
AU - Kranenburg, Onno
AU - Fijneman, Remond J A
AU - van 't Erve, Iris
AU - Snaebjornsson, Petur
AU - Hemmer, Patrick H J
AU - Dijkgraaf, Marcel G W
AU - Punt, Cornelis J A
AU - Tanis, Pieter J
AU - de Hingh, Ignace H J T
AU - Dutch Peritoneal Oncology Group
AU - Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group
PY - 2021/8/1
Y1 - 2021/8/1
N2 - Importance: To date, no randomized clinical trials have investigated perioperative systemic therapy relative to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) alone for resectable colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM).Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of perioperative systemic therapy in patients with resectable CPM and the response of CPM to neoadjuvant treatment.Design, Setting, and Participants: An open-label, parallel-group phase 2 randomized clinical trial in all 9 Dutch tertiary centers for the surgical treatment of CPM enrolled participants between June 15, 2017, and January 9, 2019. Participants were patients with pathologically proven isolated resectable CPM who did not receive systemic therapy within 6 months before enrollment.Interventions: Randomization to perioperative systemic therapy or CRS-HIPEC alone. Perioperative systemic therapy comprised either four 3-week neoadjuvant and adjuvant cycles of CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin), six 2-week neoadjuvant and adjuvant cycles of FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), or six 2-week neoadjuvant cycles of FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) and either four 3-week adjuvant cycles of capecitabine or six 2-week adjuvant cycles of fluorouracil with leucovorin. Bevacizumab was added to the first 3 (CAPOX) or 4 (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) neoadjuvant cycles.Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportions of macroscopic complete CRS-HIPEC and Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher postoperative morbidity. Key secondary outcomes were centrally assessed rates of objective radiologic and major pathologic response of CPM to neoadjuvant treatment. Analyses were done modified intention-to-treat in patients starting neoadjuvant treatment (experimental arm) or undergoing upfront surgery (control arm).Results: In 79 patients included in the analysis (43 [54%] men; mean [SD] age, 62 [10] years), experimental (n = 37) and control (n = 42) arms did not differ significantly regarding the proportions of macroscopic complete CRS-HIPEC (33 of 37 [89%] vs 36 of 42 [86%] patients; risk ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.23; P = .74) and Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher postoperative morbidity (8 of 37 [22%] vs 14 of 42 [33%] patients; risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.31-1.37; P = .25). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Objective radiologic and major pathologic response rates of CPM to neoadjuvant treatment were 28% (9 of 32 evaluable patients) and 38% (13 of 34 evaluable patients), respectively.Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized phase 2 trial in patients diagnosed with resectable CPM, perioperative systemic therapy seemed feasible, safe, and able to induce response of CPM, justifying a phase 3 trial.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02758951.
AB - Importance: To date, no randomized clinical trials have investigated perioperative systemic therapy relative to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) alone for resectable colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM).Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of perioperative systemic therapy in patients with resectable CPM and the response of CPM to neoadjuvant treatment.Design, Setting, and Participants: An open-label, parallel-group phase 2 randomized clinical trial in all 9 Dutch tertiary centers for the surgical treatment of CPM enrolled participants between June 15, 2017, and January 9, 2019. Participants were patients with pathologically proven isolated resectable CPM who did not receive systemic therapy within 6 months before enrollment.Interventions: Randomization to perioperative systemic therapy or CRS-HIPEC alone. Perioperative systemic therapy comprised either four 3-week neoadjuvant and adjuvant cycles of CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin), six 2-week neoadjuvant and adjuvant cycles of FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), or six 2-week neoadjuvant cycles of FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) and either four 3-week adjuvant cycles of capecitabine or six 2-week adjuvant cycles of fluorouracil with leucovorin. Bevacizumab was added to the first 3 (CAPOX) or 4 (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) neoadjuvant cycles.Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportions of macroscopic complete CRS-HIPEC and Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher postoperative morbidity. Key secondary outcomes were centrally assessed rates of objective radiologic and major pathologic response of CPM to neoadjuvant treatment. Analyses were done modified intention-to-treat in patients starting neoadjuvant treatment (experimental arm) or undergoing upfront surgery (control arm).Results: In 79 patients included in the analysis (43 [54%] men; mean [SD] age, 62 [10] years), experimental (n = 37) and control (n = 42) arms did not differ significantly regarding the proportions of macroscopic complete CRS-HIPEC (33 of 37 [89%] vs 36 of 42 [86%] patients; risk ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.23; P = .74) and Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher postoperative morbidity (8 of 37 [22%] vs 14 of 42 [33%] patients; risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.31-1.37; P = .25). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Objective radiologic and major pathologic response rates of CPM to neoadjuvant treatment were 28% (9 of 32 evaluable patients) and 38% (13 of 34 evaluable patients), respectively.Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized phase 2 trial in patients diagnosed with resectable CPM, perioperative systemic therapy seemed feasible, safe, and able to induce response of CPM, justifying a phase 3 trial.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02758951.
KW - Adenocarcinoma/secondary
KW - Aged
KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
KW - Bevacizumab/administration & dosage
KW - Camptothecin/administration & dosage
KW - Capecitabine/administration & dosage
KW - Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects
KW - Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
KW - Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures
KW - Feasibility Studies
KW - Female
KW - Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
KW - Humans
KW - Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
KW - Leucovorin/administration & dosage
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Mitomycin/administration & dosage
KW - Neoadjuvant Therapy
KW - Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage
KW - Oxaliplatin/administration & dosage
KW - Perioperative Period
KW - Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary
KW - Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
KW - CONSENSUS
KW - CANCER
KW - NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
KW - HIPEC
KW - CARCINOMATOSIS
KW - REGRESSION
KW - MULTICENTER
KW - MANAGEMENT
KW - PROGNOSIS
KW - OPEN-LABEL
U2 - 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.1642
DO - 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.1642
M3 - Article
C2 - 34009291
SN - 2168-6254
VL - 156
SP - 710
EP - 720
JO - JAMA Surgery
JF - JAMA Surgery
IS - 8
ER -