TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel neuronal surface autoantibodies in plasma of patients with depression and anxiety
AU - Zong, Shenghua
AU - Correia-Hoffmann, Carolin
AU - Mane-Damas, Marina
AU - Kappelmann, Nils
AU - Molenaar, Peter C.
AU - van Grootheest, Gerard
AU - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
AU - Rouhl, Rob P. W.
AU - Losen, Mario
AU - Martinez-Martinez, Pilar
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research “Graduate School of Translational Neuroscience Program” (022005019), the Brain Foundation of the Netherlands (KS2012(1)-157), and the ZonMW NWO Program Translationeel onderzoek (40-41200-98-9257) and the China Scholarship Council (201507720015). The infrastructure for the NESDA study (www.nesda.nl) has been funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW, grant number 10-000-1002) and participating universities (VU University Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen). We also thank professor Dalmau for his support on IHC and neuronal staining validations and for discussions on the interpretation of the results. We further thank professor zur Hausen for providing access to the facilities of the Pathology department and use of the VENTANA iScan. We also thank Dr. Brilot, Dr. Waters, professor Tuzun, Dr. Faivre-Sarrailh, and professor Graus for generous gifts of plasmid DNA for antigen expression and Dr. Hampe for kindly sharing the GAD antibodies with us, and Dr. Yilin Liu, Dr. Miranda, Nabben, Ms Ilvy Geraets for providing the rat brain as rest material from their project for the IHC staining. We also thank Ms Tanya Mohile for the proof reading of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/11/23
Y1 - 2020/11/23
N2 - Neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs) against various antigens cause autoimmune encephalitis. Some of these antigens are also involved in the pathology of depression and anxiety. To study whether NSAbs are more common in plasma of individuals with depression and anxiety than in controls, and to investigate if NSAbs correlate with disease status, plasma samples of 819 individuals with a current diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, 920 in remission and 492 individuals without these disorders were included in this study. Samples were tested by a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC), staining on live rat hippocampus neurons and cell-based assay (CBA). By IHC, 50 (2.2%) samples showed immunoreactivity to rat brain tissue, with no significant differences between the aforementioned groups (22/819 vs 18/920 vs 11/492, P > 0.99). In addition, eight IHC positive samples were positive for NSAbs on live neurons (7/819 vs 0/920 vs 1/492, P = 0.006). The IHC-staining patterns of these eight samples were atypical for autoimmune encephalitis and accordingly, they tested negative for known NSAbs by CBA. No obvious difference in the clinical characteristics between individuals with or without NSAbs was observed. In conclusion, novel NSAbs were rare but predominately found in patients with current anxiety or depression indicating they might affect mental health in a small group of patients.
AB - Neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs) against various antigens cause autoimmune encephalitis. Some of these antigens are also involved in the pathology of depression and anxiety. To study whether NSAbs are more common in plasma of individuals with depression and anxiety than in controls, and to investigate if NSAbs correlate with disease status, plasma samples of 819 individuals with a current diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, 920 in remission and 492 individuals without these disorders were included in this study. Samples were tested by a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC), staining on live rat hippocampus neurons and cell-based assay (CBA). By IHC, 50 (2.2%) samples showed immunoreactivity to rat brain tissue, with no significant differences between the aforementioned groups (22/819 vs 18/920 vs 11/492, P > 0.99). In addition, eight IHC positive samples were positive for NSAbs on live neurons (7/819 vs 0/920 vs 1/492, P = 0.006). The IHC-staining patterns of these eight samples were atypical for autoimmune encephalitis and accordingly, they tested negative for known NSAbs by CBA. No obvious difference in the clinical characteristics between individuals with or without NSAbs was observed. In conclusion, novel NSAbs were rare but predominately found in patients with current anxiety or depression indicating they might affect mental health in a small group of patients.
KW - RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES
KW - PREVALENCE
KW - ENCEPHALITIS
KW - DISORDER
KW - SCHIZOPHRENIA
U2 - 10.1038/s41398-020-01083-y
DO - 10.1038/s41398-020-01083-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 33230123
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 10
JO - Translational Psychiatry
JF - Translational Psychiatry
IS - 1
M1 - 404
ER -