TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-invasive molecular imaging of kidney diseases
AU - Klinkhammer, B.M.
AU - Lammers, T.
AU - Mottaghy, F.M.
AU - Kiessling, F.
AU - Floege, J.
AU - Boor, P.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - In vivo non-invasive molecular imaging techniques have potential to improve clinical research and practices in nephrology. Here, the authors discuss the benefits and challenges of preclinical and clinical applications of molecular imaging to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, transplantation and kidney cancer.In nephrology, differential diagnosis or assessment of disease activity largely relies on the analysis of glomerular filtration rate, urinary sediment, proteinuria and tissue obtained through invasive kidney biopsies. However, currently available non-invasive functional parameters, and most serum and urine biomarkers, cannot capture intrarenal molecular disease processes specifically. Moreover, although histopathological analyses of kidney biopsy samples enable the visualization of pathological morphological and molecular alterations, they only provide information about a small part of the kidney and do not allow longitudinal monitoring. These limitations not only hinder understanding of the dynamics of specific disease processes in the kidney, but also limit the targeting of treatments to active phases of disease and the development of novel targeted therapies. Molecular imaging enables non-invasive and quantitative assessment of physiological or pathological processes by combining imaging technologies with specific molecular probes. Here, we discuss current preclinical and clinical molecular imaging approaches in nephrology. Non-invasive visualization of the kidneys through molecular imaging can be used to detect and longitudinally monitor disease activity and can therefore provide companion diagnostics to guide clinical trials, as well as the safe and effective use of drugs.
AB - In vivo non-invasive molecular imaging techniques have potential to improve clinical research and practices in nephrology. Here, the authors discuss the benefits and challenges of preclinical and clinical applications of molecular imaging to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, transplantation and kidney cancer.In nephrology, differential diagnosis or assessment of disease activity largely relies on the analysis of glomerular filtration rate, urinary sediment, proteinuria and tissue obtained through invasive kidney biopsies. However, currently available non-invasive functional parameters, and most serum and urine biomarkers, cannot capture intrarenal molecular disease processes specifically. Moreover, although histopathological analyses of kidney biopsy samples enable the visualization of pathological morphological and molecular alterations, they only provide information about a small part of the kidney and do not allow longitudinal monitoring. These limitations not only hinder understanding of the dynamics of specific disease processes in the kidney, but also limit the targeting of treatments to active phases of disease and the development of novel targeted therapies. Molecular imaging enables non-invasive and quantitative assessment of physiological or pathological processes by combining imaging technologies with specific molecular probes. Here, we discuss current preclinical and clinical molecular imaging approaches in nephrology. Non-invasive visualization of the kidneys through molecular imaging can be used to detect and longitudinally monitor disease activity and can therefore provide companion diagnostics to guide clinical trials, as well as the safe and effective use of drugs.
KW - RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA
KW - CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE IX
KW - POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY
KW - MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY G250
KW - ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION
KW - IN-VIVO
KW - F-18-FDG PET/CT
KW - FDG-PET/CT
KW - ULTRASOUND
KW - NANOPARTICLES
U2 - 10.1038/s41581-021-00440-4
DO - 10.1038/s41581-021-00440-4
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 34188207
SN - 1759-5061
VL - 17
SP - 688
EP - 703
JO - Nature Reviews Nephrology
JF - Nature Reviews Nephrology
IS - 10
ER -